Use of grace scores in the risk assessment of SKA patients

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 58 views

The Relationship Between HS-CRP Levels with Grace Scores in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients at H. Adam Malik Medan Hospital

Introduction

Acute coronary syndrome (SKA) is a medical condition that includes various types of myocardial ischemia, which is often caused by rupture of atherosclerosis plaque in the coronary arteries. In this context, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) has been proven to be one of the risk predictors for SKA. In a study, it was found that the mortality rate in patients with normal CRP levels was 0.4%, but this number increased to 5.8% in patients with higher CRP levels. In addition, Grace's score has been widely known to predict early and long-term death in SKA patients. However, the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores is still not understood in the medical community.

Background of the Study

Acute coronary syndrome (SKA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The condition is characterized by a sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart, which can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack) or even death. In Indonesia, SKA is a leading cause of death, with a high mortality rate reported in various studies. The risk factors for SKA include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. In addition, inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to SKA.

Research Purposes

This study aims to explore the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The study will investigate the correlation between HS-CRP levels and grace scores in patients with SKA, and examine the predictive value of HS-CRP levels in assessing the risk of death in SKA patients.

Research Methods

This study is a retrospective analytic study involving 51 SKA patients treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Subject selection is carried out based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analysis, as well as spearman correlation tests to determine the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores.

Research Result

In this study, 51 samples were found that were eligible. The results show a significant difference (p = 0.005) in the average HS-CRP level between subjects suffering from unstable angina pectoris (steam), NSTEMI, and stemi. However, no significant differences were found in the grace score between the three SKA diagnoses. The Spearman correlation test shows a significant relationship between HS-CRP levels with grace scores (p <0.001), with a correlation value (R) of 0.588, which indicates a strong positive relationship.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that higher HS-CRP levels are associated with an increase in grace scores, which show a higher potential risk of death in SKA patients. This is in line with previous studies that record that an increase in CRP levels can indicate an active inflammatory process, which is often related to poor cardiovascular events. It is important to note that although HS-CRP levels can function as a useful biomarker in the risk assessment of SKA patients, the use of grace scores is still needed for a more comprehensive risk assessment.

The Importance of HS-CRP Levels in SKA Patients

HS-CRP levels have been proven to be a useful biomarker in the risk assessment of SKA patients. Elevated HS-CRP levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. In this study, the results show a significant relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores, which indicates that HS-CRP levels can be used as a predictor of the risk of death in SKA patients.

The Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Secondly, the study is a retrospective study, which may be subject to recall bias. Finally, the study only examines the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores, and does not investigate other potential risk factors for SKA.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between serum HS-CRP levels with grace scores in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The higher the HS-CRP level, it will be followed by an increase in grace scores, which can be an important consideration in the management and handling of SKA patients in hospitals. Further research with larger samples and longitudinal approaches is needed to understand more about this relationship and its implications for patient care.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

Use of HS-CRP levels as a biomarker in the risk assessment of SKA patients: HS-CRP levels can be used as a useful biomarker in the risk assessment of SKA patients. Elevated HS-CRP levels can indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
Use of grace scores in the risk assessment of SKA patients: Grace scores can be used in conjunction with HS-CRP levels to assess the risk of death in SKA patients.
Further research on the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores: Further research is needed to understand more about the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores, and its implications for patient care.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores in SKA patients. Future studies can investigate the predictive value of HS-CRP levels in assessing the risk of death in SKA patients, and examine the relationship between HS-CRP levels and other potential risk factors for SKA. Additionally, future studies can investigate the use of HS-CRP levels and grace scores in the management and handling of SKA patients in hospitals.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Relationship Between HS-CRP Levels and Grace Scores in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Q: What is the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores in acute coronary syndrome patients?

A: The results of this study show a significant relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Higher HS-CRP levels are associated with an increase in grace scores, which indicate a higher potential risk of death in SKA patients.

Q: What is the significance of HS-CRP levels in acute coronary syndrome patients?

A: HS-CRP levels have been proven to be a useful biomarker in the risk assessment of SKA patients. Elevated HS-CRP levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.

Q: What is the importance of using HS-CRP levels and grace scores in the management and handling of SKA patients?

A: The use of HS-CRP levels and grace scores can help healthcare providers to assess the risk of death in SKA patients and make informed decisions about their treatment. This can lead to better patient outcomes and improved quality of life.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including a relatively small sample size and a retrospective study design. Additionally, the study only examines the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores, and does not investigate other potential risk factors for SKA.

Q: What are the implications of this study for patient care?

A: The results of this study suggest that HS-CRP levels can be used as a useful biomarker in the risk assessment of SKA patients. Additionally, the use of HS-CRP levels and grace scores can help healthcare providers to assess the risk of death in SKA patients and make informed decisions about their treatment.

Q: What are the future directions for research on the relationship between HS-CRP levels and grace scores in SKA patients?

A: Future studies can investigate the predictive value of HS-CRP levels in assessing the risk of death in SKA patients, and examine the relationship between HS-CRP levels and other potential risk factors for SKA. Additionally, future studies can investigate the use of HS-CRP levels and grace scores in the management and handling of SKA patients in hospitals.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study in clinical practice?

A: The results of this study can be applied in clinical practice to help healthcare providers to assess the risk of death in SKA patients and make informed decisions about their treatment. This can lead to better patient outcomes and improved quality of life.

Q: What are the potential limitations of using HS-CRP levels and grace scores in clinical practice?

A: The use of HS-CRP levels and grace scores may be limited by the availability of these biomarkers and the complexity of their interpretation. Additionally, the use of these biomarkers may be influenced by various factors, including patient demographics and comorbidities.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using HS-CRP levels and grace scores in clinical practice?

Q: What are the potential future applications of this study in research and clinical practice?

A: The results of this study can be applied in research to investigate the relationship between HS-CRP levels and other potential risk factors for SKA. Additionally, the results of this study can be applied in clinical practice to help healthcare providers to assess the risk of death in SKA patients and make informed decisions about their treatment.

Q: What are the potential future directions for research on the relationship between HS-CRP levels and other biomarkers in SKA patients?

A: Future studies can investigate the relationship between HS-CRP levels and other biomarkers, such as troponin and creatine kinase, in SKA patients. Additionally, future studies can investigate the predictive value of these biomarkers in assessing the risk of death in SKA patients.

Q: What are the potential future applications of this study in the development of new treatments for SKA patients?

A: The results of this study can be applied in the development of new treatments for SKA patients, such as anti-inflammatory therapies and statins. Additionally, the results of this study can be applied in the development of new biomarkers for the risk assessment of SKA patients.