Understanding the Risk Factors of Lower Back Pain

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 83 views

The Relationship Between Learning Position, Long Sitting, Physical Activity Level, Body Mass Index, and Depression Level with Lower Back Pain Among Students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra

Lower back pain is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, including students. It is characterized by pain in the lower back area, which can appear as local pain, radicular pain, or a combination of both. Although it does not result in death, lower back pain can interfere with the productivity of the individual that experiences it. This phenomenon is increasingly a concern because the prevalence of lower back pain in both adults and children continues to increase. This increase shows the presence of risk factors that can contribute, such as age, body mass index, physical activity level, and other factors.

Understanding the Risk Factors of Lower Back Pain

Lower back pain is a complex condition that is influenced by various factors. Some of the common risk factors include:

Age: As people age, the risk of developing lower back pain increases.
Body Mass Index (BMI): A high BMI is associated with an increased risk of lower back pain.
Physical Activity Level: A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for lower back pain.
Depression Level: Depression is a significant risk factor for lower back pain.

The Importance of Research in Understanding Lower Back Pain

Research plays a crucial role in understanding the risk factors of lower back pain. By identifying the risk factors, healthcare professionals can develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to explore the relationship between learning positions, length of sitting, physical activity level, body mass index, and depression level of lower back pain among students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra.

Research Methods

This study uses categorical analytic designs that are not paired with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out through filling out questionnaires by respondents, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess the level of physical activity, Back Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure the level of depression, as well as several relevant additional questions. The sampling technique used is a consecutive sampling to determine the representative sample size.

Research Results

Data analysis through the Chi-Square test shows that there is no significant relationship between learning positions (p = 0.778), sitting time (p = 0.869), body mass index (p = 0.205), and physical activity level (p = 0.980) with the incidence of lower back pain. However, the depression level shows a significant relationship with the incidence of lower back pain (p = 0.005). This shows that the level of depression is a major risk factor that contributes to lower back pain among students.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the learning position, length of sitting, body mass index, and the level of physical activity do not have a significant relationship with the incidence of lower back pain. However, the level of depression has a significant relationship and is the biggest risk factor for lower back pain in the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra.

Implications and Recommendations

Knowing that the level of depression plays an important role in the incidence of lower back pain, it is essential for educational institutions to increase awareness about mental health among students. Mental support programs and higher physical activity can help reduce the level of depression and, in turn, reduce the incidence of lower back pain. The holistic approach that includes attention to the physical and mental aspects of students will be very useful for creating a healthier learning environment.

The Importance of Mental Health in Reducing Lower Back Pain

Mental health is a critical aspect of overall health, and it plays a significant role in reducing lower back pain. Depression is a significant risk factor for lower back pain, and it is essential to address this issue through mental support programs and higher physical activity. By promoting mental health, educational institutions can create a healthier learning environment that reduces the incidence of lower back pain.

The Role of Physical Activity in Reducing Lower Back Pain

Physical activity is an essential aspect of reducing lower back pain. Regular physical activity can help reduce the level of depression and improve overall health. Educational institutions can promote physical activity by providing facilities and programs that encourage students to engage in regular exercise.

The Need for a Holistic Approach to Lower Back Pain

Lower back pain is a complex condition that requires a holistic approach. By addressing the physical and mental aspects of students, educational institutions can create a healthier learning environment that reduces the incidence of lower back pain. This approach includes promoting mental health, physical activity, and good posture.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the risk factors of lower back pain. The level of depression is a significant risk factor for lower back pain, and it is essential to address this issue through mental support programs and higher physical activity. By promoting mental health and physical activity, educational institutions can create a healthier learning environment that reduces the incidence of lower back pain.

Recommendations for Future Research

Future research should focus on exploring the relationship between learning positions, length of sitting, physical activity level, body mass index, and depression level of lower back pain among students. Additionally, research should investigate the effectiveness of mental support programs and higher physical activity in reducing the level of depression and lower back pain.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including the use of a cross-sectional approach and the reliance on self-reported data. Future research should use a longitudinal approach and collect data through multiple sources to increase the validity of the findings.

Conclusion

Lower back pain is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, including students. It is characterized by pain in the lower back area, which can appear as local pain, radicular pain, or a combination of both. In our previous article, we discussed the relationship between learning positions, length of sitting, physical activity level, body mass index, and depression level with lower back pain among students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra. In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about lower back pain and mental health.

Q: What is the relationship between depression and lower back pain?

A: Our study found that there is a significant relationship between depression and lower back pain. Depression is a major risk factor for lower back pain, and it is essential to address this issue through mental support programs and higher physical activity.

Q: How can I reduce my risk of developing lower back pain?

A: To reduce your risk of developing lower back pain, you should:

Practice good posture
Engage in regular physical activity
Maintain a healthy weight
Manage stress and anxiety
Get enough sleep

Q: What are some effective ways to manage lower back pain?

A: Some effective ways to manage lower back pain include:

Stretching and exercise
Heat or cold therapy
Massage
Physical therapy
Medication

Q: Can lower back pain be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition?

A: Yes, lower back pain can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a herniated disk, spinal stenosis, or osteoporosis. If you experience severe or persistent lower back pain, you should seek medical attention.

Q: How can I support a friend or family member who is experiencing lower back pain?

A: To support a friend or family member who is experiencing lower back pain, you should:

Listen to their concerns and offer emotional support
Help them with daily tasks and errands
Encourage them to engage in physical activity
Suggest they see a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment

Q: What are some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain?

A: Some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain include:

University counseling services
Student health services
Physical therapy clinics
Online resources and support groups

Q: Can lower back pain be prevented?

A: Yes, lower back pain can be prevented by:

Practicing good posture
Engaging in regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy weight
Managing stress and anxiety
Getting enough sleep

Q: What are some common myths about lower back pain?

A: Some common myths about lower back pain include:

Lower back pain is a normal part of aging
Lower back pain is caused by a weak back
Lower back pain is a sign of a serious underlying condition
Lower back pain can be cured with rest and relaxation

Q: How can I stay motivated to manage my lower back pain?

A: To stay motivated to manage your lower back pain, you should:

Set realistic goals and rewards
Find a support group or buddy
Celebrate your successes
Focus on the benefits of managing your lower back pain

Q: What are some tips for managing lower back pain during exams and other stressful periods?

A: Some tips for managing lower back pain during exams and other stressful periods include:

Taking regular breaks to stretch and move
Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation
Getting enough sleep and eating a healthy diet
Seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health professional

Q: Can lower back pain be a symptom of a mental health condition?

A: Yes, lower back pain can be a symptom of a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. If you are experiencing lower back pain and are also experiencing symptoms of a mental health condition, you should seek medical attention.

Q: How can I stay safe while managing my lower back pain?

A: To stay safe while managing your lower back pain, you should:

Follow the advice of your healthcare professional
Avoid heavy lifting or bending
Use proper lifting techniques
Take regular breaks to rest and stretch

Q: What are some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: Some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain and mental health concerns include:

University counseling services
Student health services
Mental health support groups
Online resources and support groups

Q: Can lower back pain be a symptom of a physical health condition?

A: Yes, lower back pain can be a symptom of a physical health condition, such as a herniated disk, spinal stenosis, or osteoporosis. If you are experiencing lower back pain and are also experiencing symptoms of a physical health condition, you should seek medical attention.

Q: How can I stay motivated to manage my lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: To stay motivated to manage your lower back pain and mental health concerns, you should:

Set realistic goals and rewards
Find a support group or buddy
Celebrate your successes
Focus on the benefits of managing your lower back pain and mental health concerns

Q: What are some tips for managing lower back pain and mental health concerns during exams and other stressful periods?

A: Some tips for managing lower back pain and mental health concerns during exams and other stressful periods include:

Taking regular breaks to stretch and move
Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation
Getting enough sleep and eating a healthy diet
Seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health professional

Q: Can lower back pain and mental health concerns be managed simultaneously?

A: Yes, lower back pain and mental health concerns can be managed simultaneously. By addressing both physical and mental health concerns, you can improve your overall well-being and reduce your risk of developing chronic pain and mental health conditions.

Q: What are some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: Some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain and mental health concerns include:

University counseling services
Student health services
Mental health support groups
Online resources and support groups

Q: Can lower back pain and mental health concerns be prevented?

A: Yes, lower back pain and mental health concerns can be prevented by:

Practicing good posture
Engaging in regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy weight
Managing stress and anxiety
Getting enough sleep

Q: What are some common myths about lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: Some common myths about lower back pain and mental health concerns include:

Lower back pain and mental health concerns are separate conditions
Lower back pain and mental health concerns are caused by a weak back or a mental health condition
Lower back pain and mental health concerns can be cured with rest and relaxation
Lower back pain and mental health concerns are a normal part of aging

Q: How can I stay motivated to manage my lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: To stay motivated to manage your lower back pain and mental health concerns, you should:

Set realistic goals and rewards
Find a support group or buddy
Celebrate your successes
Focus on the benefits of managing your lower back pain and mental health concerns

Q: What are some tips for managing lower back pain and mental health concerns during exams and other stressful periods?

A: Some tips for managing lower back pain and mental health concerns during exams and other stressful periods include:

Taking regular breaks to stretch and move
Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation
Getting enough sleep and eating a healthy diet
Seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health professional

Q: Can lower back pain and mental health concerns be managed simultaneously?

Q: What are some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: Some resources available for students who are experiencing lower back pain and mental health concerns include:

University counseling services
Student health services
Mental health support groups
Online resources and support groups

Q: Can lower back pain and mental health concerns be prevented?

A: Yes, lower back pain and mental health concerns can be prevented by:

Practicing good posture
Engaging in regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy weight
Managing stress and anxiety
Getting enough sleep

Q: What are some common myths about lower back pain and mental health concerns?

A: Some common myths about lower back pain and mental health concerns include:

Lower back pain and mental health concerns are separate conditions
Lower back pain and mental health concerns are caused by a weak back or a mental health condition
Lower back pain and mental health concerns can be cured with rest and relaxation