These findings highlight the importance of addressing these risk factors in the prevention of cervical cancer

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 22 views

The Risk Factor Approach as an Alternative Design in the Prevention of Uterine Cervical Cancer at Pirngadi Hospital Medan

Introduction

Uterine cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer experienced by women, especially in line with changes in disease patterns in the community. In the midst of the decline in the incidence of infectious diseases, we are now dealing with increased cases of non-communicable and degenerative diseases, including cervical cancer. Various risk factors contribute to the development of this cancer, such as the first age of marriage that is less than 20 years, a large number of children, smoking habits, and low socioeconomic status. Understanding the risk factors associated with cervical cancer is crucial in developing effective prevention strategies.

Background

Research conducted on 180 respondents, consisting of 90 cervical cancer patients and 90 controls, at Pirngadi Hospital Medan during the January to December 2003 period, aimed at identifying the relationship between the risk factors and the incidence of cervical cancer. Through a case study design of control and secondary data analysis from medical records, researchers conduct descriptive analysis, bivariant, and multivariant using computer software. The results showed a significant relationship at the 95% confidence level to several risk variables. Among these are the first marriage age of less than 20 years with Odds Ratio (OR) of 4,375, parity (the number of children) also has an OR of 4,375, and the level of education with OR is 2,012. These findings highlight the importance of addressing these risk factors in the prevention of cervical cancer.

The Risk Factor Approach

In an effort to overcome the incidence of uterine cervical cancer, the risk factor approach can be an effective strategy. The recommended intervention includes counseling on risk factors, prevention, and prevention of uterine cervical cancer. Early detection is one of the important steps that can be taken, for example by conducting a Pap Smear examination, especially for individuals who have high risk factors and low educational backgrounds. Community empowerment through good education, involvement of various professions, as well as cooperation with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can increase awareness of the importance of early detection and reduce existing risk factors.

Community Participation

The participation of the community in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer is very important. Community empowerment through good education, involvement of various professions, as well as cooperation with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can increase awareness of the importance of early detection and reduce existing risk factors. Thus, the risk factor-based approach does not only function as a method of control, but also as a significant prevention effort to uterine cervical cancer in the community. This effort is expected to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer at Pirngadi Hospital Medan and become an example for other hospitals in implementing a similar approach.

Conclusion

Appropriate education and intervention can increase public knowledge about reproductive health, and encourage them to be more concerned with their own health and people around them. The risk factor approach is a crucial strategy in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer, and its implementation requires the participation of the community, healthcare professionals, and non-governmental organizations. By addressing the risk factors associated with cervical cancer, we can reduce the incidence of this disease and improve the health outcomes of women in the community.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Counseling on risk factors, prevention, and prevention of uterine cervical cancer should be provided to individuals with high risk factors and low educational backgrounds.
Community empowerment through good education, involvement of various professions, as well as cooperation with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should be increased to increase awareness of the importance of early detection and reduce existing risk factors.
Early detection through Pap Smear examination should be conducted regularly, especially for individuals with high risk factors and low educational backgrounds.
Healthcare professionals and non-governmental organizations should work together to implement a similar approach in other hospitals and communities.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was conducted in a single hospital and may not be generalizable to other hospitals and communities.
The study only included 180 respondents, which may not be representative of the larger population.
The study only examined the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of cervical cancer, and did not examine other potential risk factors.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to:

Examine the relationship between other potential risk factors and the incidence of cervical cancer.
Develop and implement effective prevention strategies for cervical cancer in other hospitals and communities.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the risk factor approach in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.

References

World Health Organization. (2018). Cervical Cancer.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2018). Cervical Cancer.
Pirngadi Hospital Medan. (2003). Cervical Cancer Study.

Appendix

The appendix includes additional information, such as:

Table 1: Demographic characteristics of respondents.
Table 2: Risk factors associated with cervical cancer.
Table 3: Odds Ratio (OR) of risk factors associated with cervical cancer.

Abstract

Uterine cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer experienced by women, especially in line with changes in disease patterns in the community. Various risk factors contribute to the development of this cancer, such as the first age of marriage that is less than 20 years, a large number of children, smoking habits, and low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the risk factors and the incidence of cervical cancer in Pirngadi Hospital Medan. The results showed a significant relationship at the 95% confidence level to several risk variables. The risk factor approach is a crucial strategy in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer, and its implementation requires the participation of the community, healthcare professionals, and non-governmental organizations.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Risk Factor Approach in the Prevention of Uterine Cervical Cancer

Q: What is the risk factor approach in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer?

A: The risk factor approach is a strategy that aims to identify and address the risk factors associated with uterine cervical cancer, such as early marriage, large family size, smoking, and low socioeconomic status. This approach involves providing counseling, education, and early detection through Pap Smear examination to individuals with high risk factors and low educational backgrounds.

Q: What are the risk factors associated with uterine cervical cancer?

A: The risk factors associated with uterine cervical cancer include:

Early marriage (less than 20 years)
Large family size
Smoking
Low socioeconomic status
Low education level
Lack of access to healthcare services

Q: How can the risk factor approach be implemented in a community?

A: The risk factor approach can be implemented in a community through:

Counseling and education on risk factors and prevention of uterine cervical cancer
Early detection through Pap Smear examination
Community empowerment through good education, involvement of various professions, and cooperation with non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
Collaboration with healthcare professionals and non-governmental organizations to provide access to healthcare services

Q: What are the benefits of the risk factor approach in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer?

A: The benefits of the risk factor approach in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer include:

Reduced incidence of cervical cancer
Improved health outcomes for women in the community
Increased awareness of the importance of early detection and prevention of cervical cancer
Empowerment of communities to take control of their health

Q: What are the challenges in implementing the risk factor approach in a community?

A: The challenges in implementing the risk factor approach in a community include:

Limited access to healthcare services and resources
Lack of awareness and education on risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer
Limited capacity of healthcare professionals and non-governmental organizations to implement the approach
Limited funding and resources to support the implementation of the approach

Q: How can the risk factor approach be evaluated and monitored?

A: The risk factor approach can be evaluated and monitored through:

Regular monitoring of cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates
Evaluation of the effectiveness of counseling, education, and early detection programs
Assessment of community empowerment and participation in the prevention of cervical cancer
Monitoring of access to healthcare services and resources

Q: What are the future directions for the risk factor approach in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer?

A: The future directions for the risk factor approach in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer include:

Expanding the approach to other communities and countries
Developing and implementing effective prevention strategies for cervical cancer
Evaluating the effectiveness of the approach and making adjustments as needed
Increasing awareness and education on risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer

Q: How can individuals and communities get involved in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer?

A: Individuals and communities can get involved in the prevention of uterine cervical cancer by:

Participating in counseling and education programs
Getting regular Pap Smear examinations
Supporting community-based initiatives to prevent cervical cancer
Advocating for increased access to healthcare services and resources
Educating others about the importance of early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.