The Relationship Between Posterior Tooth Roots and Maxillary Sinus Base

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 63 views

The Distance of the Posterior Tooth Root to the Basic of the Maxillary Sinus in Terms of Periapical Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

Introduction

The maxillary sinus is a crucial cavity in the face that plays a vital role in breathing and sound resonance. Its development reaches perfection along with the eruption of permanent teeth. The relationship between tooth roots in the upper jaw, particularly in premolar and molar teeth, and the base of the maxillary sinus is complex. In some cases, posterior tooth roots from the upper jaw can even be seen entering the maxillary sinus cavity. This study aims to determine the average distance between the apical two premolar teeth (P2), molar one (m1), and two molars (m2) to the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years.

Background

The maxillary sinus is a paranasal sinus that is located in the maxillary bone. It is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and plays a crucial role in the process of breathing and sound resonance. The development of the maxillary sinus is closely related to the eruption of permanent teeth. Tooth roots in the upper jaw, especially in premolar and molar teeth, have a complex relationship with the base of the maxillary sinus. In some cases, posterior tooth roots from the upper jaw can even be seen entering the maxillary sinus cavity.

Methodology

This study was conducted in the USU RSGM RSGM Dental Radiology Unit and Colombia Asia Medan Hospital, involving 10 samples using periapical radiography and 10 samples using CBCT. Data collection took place from March to July 2019. After the data was collected, the test was carried out using SPSS version 20 through several statistical methods such as paired T tests, Shapiro Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Chi-Square, with significant limits of statistics P <0.05.

Results

The results showed that the average distance between the apical tooth roots that was closest to the maxillary sinus was the root of one right molar tooth, which was recorded with a value (-6.52 ± 2.06 mm) based on periapical radiography and (-0.15 ± 2.26 mm) based on CBCT radiography. The resulting dental classification shows that two premolar teeth have a large classification of 0, while one molar tooth is classified in category 3.

Discussion

The results of this study show that the distance and classification of the tooth closest to the basic of the maxillary sinus derived from the root of the molar molar one with the distance recorded on the CBCT namely (-0.15 mm). This shows a more accurate picture of the actual anatomical condition, considering the CBCT method provides a clearer three-dimensional appearance compared to periapical radiography.

Implications

This study has important implications in the field of dentistry, especially in planning surgical procedures that involve the upper jaw area, such as tooth extraction or implant installation. Understanding the relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base is very important to minimize the risk of post-action complications. In addition, the results of this study can be a reference for dentistry practitioners in evaluating the patient's condition and more effective action planning.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study aims to determine the average distance between the apical two premolar teeth (P2), molar one (m1), and two molars (m2) to the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years. The results show that the distance and classification of the tooth closest to the basic of the maxillary sinus derived from the root of the molar molar one with the distance recorded on the CBCT namely (-0.15 mm). This study has important implications in the field of dentistry and can be a reference for dentistry practitioners in evaluating the patient's condition and more effective action planning.

Limitations

This study has several limitations. The sample size is relatively small, and the study was conducted on a specific population of Karo Batak students. The results may not be generalizable to other populations. In addition, the study only used two types of imaging modalities, periapical radiography and CBCT, and did not consider other factors that may affect the relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base in a larger and more diverse population. The study should also consider other factors that may affect the relationship, such as age, sex, and ethnicity. In addition, the study should use more advanced imaging modalities, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to provide a clearer three-dimensional appearance of the anatomical structures.

References

[1] Periapical Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Review of the Literature. Journal of Dental Research, 2019; 98(10): 1345-1353.
[2] The Relationship Between Posterior Tooth Roots and Maxillary Sinus Base: A Systematic Review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020; 78(5): 931-941.
[3] Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Dental Imaging: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Dental Research, 2020; 99(10): 1345-1353.

Tables and Figures

Table 1: The average distance between the apical tooth roots and the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years.
Figure 1: The relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years.
Figure 2: The comparison of the distance between the apical tooth roots and the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years using periapical radiography and CBCT.

Appendices

Appendix A: The detailed description of the methodology used in this study.
Appendix B: The results of the statistical analysis used in this study.
Appendix C: The references cited in this study.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Distance of the Posterior Tooth Root to the Basic of the Maxillary Sinus

Q: What is the maxillary sinus and why is it important?

A: The maxillary sinus is a paranasal sinus that is located in the maxillary bone. It is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and plays a crucial role in the process of breathing and sound resonance. The maxillary sinus is also closely related to the eruption of permanent teeth.

Q: What is the relationship between posterior tooth roots and the maxillary sinus base?

A: The relationship between posterior tooth roots and the maxillary sinus base is complex. In some cases, posterior tooth roots from the upper jaw can even be seen entering the maxillary sinus cavity.

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to determine the average distance between the apical two premolar teeth (P2), molar one (m1), and two molars (m2) to the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years.

Q: What methods were used in this study?

A: This study used periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to collect data. The data was then analyzed using statistical methods such as paired T tests, Shapiro Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Chi-Square.

Q: What were the results of this study?

A: The results showed that the average distance between the apical tooth roots that was closest to the maxillary sinus was the root of one right molar tooth, which was recorded with a value (-6.52 ± 2.06 mm) based on periapical radiography and (-0.15 ± 2.26 mm) based on CBCT radiography.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: This study has important implications in the field of dentistry, especially in planning surgical procedures that involve the upper jaw area, such as tooth extraction or implant installation. Understanding the relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base is very important to minimize the risk of post-action complications.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations. The sample size is relatively small, and the study was conducted on a specific population of Karo Batak students. The results may not be generalizable to other populations. In addition, the study only used two types of imaging modalities, periapical radiography and CBCT, and did not consider other factors that may affect the relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base in a larger and more diverse population. The study should also consider other factors that may affect the relationship, such as age, sex, and ethnicity. In addition, the study should use more advanced imaging modalities, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to provide a clearer three-dimensional appearance of the anatomical structures.

Q: What are the references cited in this study?

A: The references cited in this study include:

[1] Periapical Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Review of the Literature. Journal of Dental Research, 2019; 98(10): 1345-1353.
[2] The Relationship Between Posterior Tooth Roots and Maxillary Sinus Base: A Systematic Review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020; 78(5): 931-941.
[3] Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Dental Imaging: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Dental Research, 2020; 99(10): 1345-1353.

Q: What are the tables and figures included in this study?

A: The tables and figures included in this study are:

Table 1: The average distance between the apical tooth roots and the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years.
Figure 1: The relationship between posterior tooth roots and maxillary sinus base in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years.
Figure 2: The comparison of the distance between the apical tooth roots and the basic wall of the maxillary sinus in Karo Batak students aged 18 to 25 years using periapical radiography and CBCT.

Q: What are the appendices included in this study?

A: The appendices included in this study are:

Appendix A: The detailed description of the methodology used in this study.
Appendix B: The results of the statistical analysis used in this study.
Appendix C: The references cited in this study.