The Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and Hypertension in People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 at the University of North Sumatra University

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 127 views

The Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and Hypertension in People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 at the University of North Sumatra University

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which can lead to various complications, including hypertension. According to the latest data from Riskesdas, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has continued to increase in the last five years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most common type. High blood sugar levels in diabetes patients can trigger various complications, one of which is hypertension. Based on information from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in 2017, around two out of three diabetics are estimated to suffer from hypertension. This study aims to determine the relationship between blood sugar levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized at the University of North Sumatra, Medan, in 2018.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by metabolic disorders, especially the emergence of chronic hyperglycemia. The latest data from Riskesdas shows that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has continued to increase in the last five years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most common type. High blood sugar levels in diabetes patients can trigger various complications, one of which is hypertension. Based on information from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in 2017, around two out of three diabetics are estimated to suffer from hypertension.

This study aims to determine the relationship between blood sugar levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized at the University of North Sumatra, Medan, in 2018. The research purposes are:

To determine the relationship between blood sugar levels and systolic hypertension
To determine the relationship between blood sugar levels and diastolic hypertension
To identify the factors that contribute to the development of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

This study uses an analytical observational study design with a case control approach. The data used is secondary data taken from the patient's medical record at the University of North Sumatra Hospital in 2018. The sample in this study was chosen through the Consecutive Sampling method, namely sampling from patients who met the research criteria. The inclusion criteria were:

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Patients who were hospitalized at the University of North Sumatra Hospital in 2018
Patients who had a blood sugar level measurement and blood pressure measurement

The analysis using the Chi-Square test showed the P value of 0.002, which indicated a significant relationship between hyperglycemia and systolic hypertension. In addition, a relationship between hyperglycemia and diastolic hypertension with a P value of 0.001. This shows that patients with high blood sugar levels have a greater risk of experiencing hypertension.

The relationship between hyperglycemia and hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is quite significant. Hyperglycemia plays a role in increasing the resistance of blood vessels and triggers inflammation which can cause increased blood pressure. In addition, high insulin levels due to insulin resistance, generally found in patients with type 2 diabetes, are also known to contribute to increased blood pressure.

The importance of optimal blood sugar management for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus does not only function to control diabetes itself, but also as a preventive measure to more serious complications such as hypertension. Good handling can be done through healthy diet, regular exercise, and intensive medical supervision.

This study shows that there is a relationship between hyperglycemia and hypertension both systolic and diastolic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Through routine screening and healthy lifestyle management, the risk of hypertension can be minimized, so that the quality of life of patients can be improved.

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be screened regularly for hypertension
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet and regular exercise
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be provided with intensive medical supervision to manage their blood sugar levels and prevent complications such as hypertension.

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was conducted using secondary data, which may not be representative of the entire population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
The study was conducted in a single hospital, which may not be representative of the entire population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
The study did not control for other factors that may contribute to the development of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Future research should focus on:

Conducting a larger study to confirm the findings of this study
Conducting a study to identify the factors that contribute to the development of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Conducting a study to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions to prevent hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and Hypertension in People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

A: Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar levels, can lead to hypertension, or high blood pressure, in people with diabetes mellitus type 2. This is because high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and increase inflammation, leading to increased blood pressure.

A: The risk factors for developing hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus type 2 include:

High blood sugar levels
Insulin resistance
Family history of hypertension
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Smoking
High sodium intake

A: People with diabetes mellitus type 2 can prevent hypertension by:

Maintaining a healthy diet, including a low-sodium diet
Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking or exercise
Monitoring their blood sugar levels and blood pressure regularly
Taking medications as prescribed by their healthcare provider
Quitting smoking
Losing weight if they are overweight or obese

A: The complications of hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus type 2 include:

Kidney damage
Heart disease
Stroke
Vision loss
Nerve damage

A: Healthcare providers can diagnose hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus type 2 by:

Measuring blood pressure regularly
Conducting physical exams
Reviewing medical history
Ordering laboratory tests, such as blood sugar and lipid profiles

A: The treatment options for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus type 2 include:

Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise
Medications, such as blood pressure-lowering medications and diabetes medications
Intensive medical supervision to manage blood sugar levels and blood pressure

A: No, people with diabetes mellitus type 2 should not attempt to manage hypertension on their own. They should work with their healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to their individual needs.

A: Monitoring blood sugar levels and blood pressure is crucial for people with diabetes mellitus type 2 because it allows them to:

Detect early signs of hypertension
Adjust their treatment plan as needed
Prevent complications of hypertension, such as kidney damage and heart disease

A: Yes, people with diabetes mellitus type 2 can prevent kidney damage and heart disease by managing hypertension. By maintaining healthy blood sugar levels and blood pressure, they can reduce their risk of developing these complications.