The Problem of Power Losses in Electric Power Transmission Systems

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 3 views

Introduction

Power losses are a significant problem in the electric power transmission network system, resulting in decreased efficiency, increased operational costs, and reduced system stability. One of the solutions to address this issue is the integration of the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system into the dominant high voltage current (HVAC) transmission system used today. However, choosing an ideal location for HVAC to HVDC conversion is a challenge, considering that the construction of HVDC must be done in stages.

The Problem of Power Losses in Electric Power Transmission Systems

Power losses in electric power transmission systems are a major concern, as they result in decreased efficiency, increased operational costs, and reduced system stability. The main causes of power losses in transmission systems are:

Resistance: The resistance of the transmission lines and equipment causes power losses due to the heat generated.
Inductance: The inductance of the transmission lines and equipment causes power losses due to the magnetic field generated.
Capacitance: The capacitance of the transmission lines and equipment causes power losses due to the electric field generated.

The Solution: Hybrid HVAC/HVDC Transmission System

The integration of the HVDC transmission system into the HVAC system is a promising solution to address the problem of power losses in electric power transmission systems. The HVDC system has several advantages over the HVAC system, including:

Higher energy efficiency: HVDC has lower power losses than HVAC, resulting in increased efficiency of the overall transmission system.
Larger transmission capacity: HVDC is able to transmit greater power at higher voltages, resulting in increased transmission capacity and reduced infrastructure needs.
Better system stability: HVDC has the ability to regulate power flow better, resulting in increased stability of the transmission system and reduced risk of blackouts.

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm

The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is a computational algorithm inspired by the behavior of a flock of birds or fish. This algorithm works by manipulating a group of particles (potential solutions) that move in the solution space, looking for optimal points. Each particle has speed and position, and moves based on information from itself and the best particles around it. Through the iterative process, particles will gather towards the optimal solution.

Simulation Results and Recommendations

Simulation of case studies of 150 KV Sumbagut transmission network shows significant results in reducing power losses. Here are some scenarios and the results:

Changes to the Sand Paya Channels - amused Paya: Power loss reduced from 68.41 MW to 57.31 MW.
Changes to the sandbay channels - Sei Rattan: Power loss reduced to 51.79 MW.
Changes to the Renun Channel - Sidikalang: Power loss reduced to 60.8 MW.
Changes to the Sand Paya Channels - amusement and sandy sanding - Sei Rattan: Power loss reduced to 45.7 MW.
Changes to the sandbay channels - amusement and renun - Sidikalang: Power loss reduced to 49.95 MW.
Changes to the sandbay channels - Sei Rattan and Renun - Sidikalang: Power loss reduced to 44.69 MW.
Changing the three transmission channels to HVDC: Power loss reduced to 38.71 MW.

From the simulation results, it can be recommended that the changes in the three transmission channels, namely Paya Sand - amused Paya, Paya Sand - Sei Rattan, and Renun - Sidikalang, to the HVDC system provide the most optimal results in reducing power losses.

Benefits of Implementing the HVAC/HVDC Hybrid Transmission System

The application of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has several advantages, including:

Higher energy efficiency: HVDC has lower power losses than HVAC, resulting in increased efficiency of the overall transmission system.
Larger transmission capacity: HVDC is able to transmit greater power at higher voltages, resulting in increased transmission capacity and reduced infrastructure needs.
Better system stability: HVDC has the ability to regulate power flow better, resulting in increased stability of the transmission system and reduced risk of blackouts.

Conclusion

This study shows that the integration of the HVDC transmission system into the HVAC system through location optimization using PSOs can effectively reduce power losses and increase the efficiency of the transmission system. Recommendations for changing the three transmission channels in the 150 KV Sumbagut network to the HVDC system provide the most optimal results in this case study. The application of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system is an important step to increase the reliability, efficiency, and stability of the electric power system in the future.

Future Work

Future work should focus on:

Implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system in real-world scenarios should be explored.
Optimization of the HVDC system: The optimization of the HVDC system should be further explored to reduce power losses and increase efficiency.
Development of new algorithms: The development of new algorithms, such as machine learning algorithms, should be explored to improve the optimization of the transmission system.

References

[1] IEEE Power Engineering Society. (2019). IEEE Guide for Planning, Design, Installation, and Testing of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Systems.
[2] IEEE Power Engineering Society. (2019). IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Systems.
[3] IEEE Power Engineering Society. (2019). IEEE Guide for the Planning and Design of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Systems.

Note: The references provided are fictional and for demonstration purposes only.

Q: What is the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system is a combination of the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission systems. This system aims to reduce power losses and increase the efficiency of the transmission system.

Q: What is the main advantage of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The main advantage of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system is its ability to reduce power losses and increase the efficiency of the transmission system. This is achieved by using the HVDC system, which has lower power losses than the HVAC system.

Q: What is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)?

A: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a computational algorithm inspired by the behavior of a flock of birds or fish. This algorithm works by manipulating a group of particles (potential solutions) that move in the solution space, looking for optimal points.

Q: How does PSO help in optimizing the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: PSO helps in optimizing the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system by identifying the optimal location for HVAC to HVDC conversion. This is achieved by simulating different scenarios and identifying the one that results in the lowest power losses.

Q: What are the benefits of using PSO in optimizing the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The benefits of using PSO in optimizing the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system include:

Improved efficiency: PSO helps in identifying the optimal location for HVAC to HVDC conversion, resulting in improved efficiency of the transmission system.
Reduced power losses: PSO helps in reducing power losses by identifying the optimal location for HVAC to HVDC conversion.
Increased reliability: PSO helps in increasing the reliability of the transmission system by identifying the optimal location for HVAC to HVDC conversion.

Q: What are the challenges associated with implementing the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The challenges associated with implementing the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system include:

High upfront costs: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system requires significant upfront costs.
Complexity: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system is complex and requires specialized expertise.
Interoperability: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system requires interoperability between different systems and components.

Q: What are the future prospects of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The future prospects of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system are promising, with the potential to:

Reduce power losses: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has the potential to reduce power losses and increase the efficiency of the transmission system.
Increase reliability: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has the potential to increase the reliability of the transmission system.
Improve interoperability: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has the potential to improve interoperability between different systems and components.

Q: What are the potential applications of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The potential applications of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system include:

Grid modernization: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system can be used to modernize the grid and improve its efficiency.
Renewable energy integration: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system can be used to integrate renewable energy sources into the grid.
Smart grid: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system can be used to create a smart grid that is more efficient and reliable.

Q: What are the potential benefits of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The potential benefits of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system include:

Improved efficiency: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has the potential to improve the efficiency of the transmission system.
Reduced power losses: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has the potential to reduce power losses.
Increased reliability: The Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system has the potential to increase the reliability of the transmission system.

Q: What are the potential challenges of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system?

A: The potential challenges of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system include:

High upfront costs: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system requires significant upfront costs.
Complexity: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system is complex and requires specialized expertise.
Interoperability: The implementation of the Hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission system requires interoperability between different systems and components.