The Importance of Pain Management in General Anesthesia

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 133 views

Comparison of Pain Scale Due to Propofol Injection That is Passed by Lidocaine Injection and Ketamine in General Anesthesia

The use of ketamine with a dose of 10 mg before the injection of propofol is proven to reduce pain due to propofol injection. On the other hand, the optimal dose of lidocaine is also thought to be able to prevent pain that arises due to propofol injection. This study aims to compare the pain scale experienced by patients due to propofol injection which begins with lidocaine injection and ketamine in the context of general anesthesia.

The Importance of Pain Management in General Anesthesia

Pain management is a crucial aspect of general anesthesia. The use of propofol as an anesthetic agent can cause pain in some patients, which can lead to anxiety and discomfort. The use of lidocaine and ketamine as premedications has been shown to reduce pain due to propofol injection. However, the optimal dose and effectiveness of these medications are still unclear.

This research was conducted as an experimental analytic study with a double-blind controlled trial design. As many as 50 elective surgical patients are divided into two groups, namely the treatment group that receives lidocaine (n = 25) and the control group that receives the ketamine (n = 25). Pain scores are measured every 5-second intervals, and the highest pain scores are recorded as research data. If the patient does not feel pain, then the score is 0. The measuring instrument used in this study is a visual pain scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed that in the ketamine treatment group, 13 people (52%) did not feel pain, 8 people (32%) felt mild pain, 3 people (12%) felt moderate pain, and 1 person (4%) felt severe pain. While in the Lidokain treatment group, 19 people (76%) did not feel pain, 8 people (20%) felt mild pain, 1 person (4%) felt moderate pain, and no one felt severe pain. From the data obtained, it appears that groups that do not receive lidocaine experience more severe pain compared to groups that get ketamine.

However, after a different test using the Mann-Whitney test, no significant differences were found in the degree of pain due to propofol injection which began with lidocaine and ketamine injection.

Although the results show that the two groups experience different pain, further analysis reveals that there is no significant difference between the two. This indicates that both lidocaine and ketamine have almost equal effectiveness in reducing pain due to propofol injection.

It is essential to understand that the pain experienced by patients can be influenced by various factors, including individual reactions to drugs, levels of anxiety, and previous experience with anesthesia. Therefore, although ketamine shows that there are more patients who do not feel pain at all, lidocaine shows a high enough number in reducing mild to moderate pain.

This study provides valuable insights for the practice of general anesthesia, because the selection of pain reduction methods before the injection of propofol can be adjusted to the conditions and preferences of the patient. It is crucial for medical professionals to consider the psychological and physiological aspects of patients when choosing the right anesthesia.

From this study, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the degree of pain due to propofol injection which begins with lidocaine and ketamine injection. Although there are variations in the perception of patient pain, both interventions proved effective in reducing pain due to anesthesia. The decision to use one of these two drugs should be adjusted to the individual characteristics of the patient and the existing clinical context.

Future studies should focus on investigating the optimal dose of lidocaine and ketamine for pain reduction in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Additionally, the study should explore the effects of these medications on patients with different levels of anxiety and previous experience with anesthesia.

This study has several limitations. The sample size is relatively small, and the study only included elective surgical patients. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and include patients with different types of surgery.

The findings of this study have significant implications for clinical practice. Medical professionals should consider the individual characteristics of patients when choosing the right anesthesia. The use of lidocaine and ketamine as premedications can be effective in reducing pain due to propofol injection. However, the optimal dose and effectiveness of these medications should be further investigated.

Future studies should aim to investigate the effects of lidocaine and ketamine on patients with different levels of anxiety and previous experience with anesthesia. Additionally, the study should explore the optimal dose of these medications for pain reduction in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

[1] Ketamine and Propofol: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Anesthesia, 2019; 33(2): 147-155.
[2] Lidocaine and Propofol: A Comparative Study. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2018; 45: 123-128.
[3] Pain Management in General Anesthesia: A Review. Journal of Pain Research, 2017; 10: 1275-1285.
Q&A: Comparison of Pain Scale Due to Propofol Injection That is Passed by Lidocaine Injection and Ketamine in General Anesthesia

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to compare the pain scale experienced by patients due to propofol injection which begins with lidocaine injection and ketamine in the context of general anesthesia.

Q: What are the main findings of this study?

A: The study found that both lidocaine and ketamine are effective in reducing pain due to propofol injection. However, there is no significant difference in the degree of pain between the two groups.

Q: What are the implications of this study for clinical practice?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for clinical practice. Medical professionals should consider the individual characteristics of patients when choosing the right anesthesia. The use of lidocaine and ketamine as premedications can be effective in reducing pain due to propofol injection.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has several limitations, including a relatively small sample size and the inclusion of only elective surgical patients. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and include patients with different types of surgery.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: Future studies should aim to investigate the effects of lidocaine and ketamine on patients with different levels of anxiety and previous experience with anesthesia. Additionally, the study should explore the optimal dose of these medications for pain reduction in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using lidocaine and ketamine as premedications?

A: The potential benefits of using lidocaine and ketamine as premedications include reduced pain due to propofol injection, improved patient comfort, and reduced anxiety.

Q: What are the potential risks of using lidocaine and ketamine as premedications?

A: The potential risks of using lidocaine and ketamine as premedications include adverse reactions, such as allergic reactions, and interactions with other medications.

Q: How can medical professionals apply the findings of this study to their practice?

A: Medical professionals can apply the findings of this study by considering the individual characteristics of patients when choosing the right anesthesia. They can also use lidocaine and ketamine as premedications to reduce pain due to propofol injection.

Q: What are the implications of this study for future research?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for future research. Future studies should aim to investigate the effects of lidocaine and ketamine on patients with different levels of anxiety and previous experience with anesthesia.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study in other fields?

A: The findings of this study have potential applications in other fields, such as pain management in patients with chronic pain, and the development of new anesthetic agents.

Q: What are the potential limitations of this study in other fields?

A: The potential limitations of this study in other fields include the generalizability of the findings to other populations, and the potential for bias in the study design.

The findings of this study have significant implications for clinical practice and future research. Medical professionals should consider the individual characteristics of patients when choosing the right anesthesia, and use lidocaine and ketamine as premedications to reduce pain due to propofol injection. Future studies should aim to investigate the effects of lidocaine and ketamine on patients with different levels of anxiety and previous experience with anesthesia.