The Importance of Biwa Leaves in Traditional Medicine

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 28 views

The Effect of Relaxation of Biwa Leaf Ethanol Extract (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) On Histamine-1 Receptors through the Mechanism of Action in the Enzyme Phosphodiesterase-5 in the Trachea of Marmots (Cavia porcellus) Isolated

Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the respiratory tract, characterized by obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and tissue changes. In traditional medicine, biwa leaves (Eriobotrya japonica) have been used to overcome various problems in the respiratory tract. However, there is still a lack of scientific data that supports its pharmacological effects, especially for asthma caused by allergies. This study aims to explore the effects of relaxation of Biwa leaf ethanol extract (EEDB) on the smooth muscle of the trachea of the trachea (Cavia porcellus) through the mechanism of inhibiting the phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme.

The Importance of Biwa Leaves in Traditional Medicine

Biwa leaves have been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat various respiratory problems. The leaves are rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other bioactive compounds that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In traditional medicine, biwa leaves are often used to treat conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and coughs. However, the scientific evidence supporting the use of biwa leaves in the treatment of these conditions is limited.

The Role of Histamine-1 Receptors in Asthma

Histamine-1 receptors play a crucial role in the development of asthma. Histamine is a chemical mediator that is released from mast cells in response to allergens, and it binds to histamine-1 receptors on smooth muscle cells in the airways. This binding causes the smooth muscle cells to contract, leading to bronchospasm and airway obstruction. Inhibiting histamine-1 receptors has been shown to be an effective way to treat asthma.

The Mechanism of Action of EEDB

EEDB has been shown to have a relaxation effect on the smooth muscle of the trachea. This effect is thought to be mediated through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) enzymes. PDE5 enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of cyclic monophosphate guanosin (CGMP), which functions as a signal for smooth muscle relaxation. By inhibiting PDE5, EEDB increases CGMP levels, which in turn increases the relaxation of smooth muscle in the trachea.

Research Methodology

In this study, the EEDB relaxation effect was tested by contracting the trachea smooth muscle using histamine at the EC80 concentration (4,62 x 10^-4 m), then the EEDB was given with cumulative concentrations ranging from 1 to 8 mg/ml. In addition, testing is also carried out to understand the mechanism of the action of EEDB by incubating the trachea smooth muscle using sildenafil at a concentration of 10^-4 m for 20 minutes, before being contracted with histamine and followed by EEDB administration.

Results and Analysis

The results showed that EEDB could effectively relax the trachea smooth muscle that was previously contracted by histamine. There is a positive correlation between an increase in EEDB concentration and the resulting relaxation effect, with significant results (p <0.05; r = 0.973). In testing the mechanism, at the EEDB concentration between 3 to 8 mg/ml there was no significant difference between the tracheal smooth muscle which was incubated with sildenafil and not incubated (P> 0.05).

Conclusion

From this study, it can be concluded that biwa leaf ethanol extract has a significant relaxation effect on the smooth muscle of the trachea induced by histamine. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 enzymes becomes one of the mechanisms that underlie this relaxation effect. This finding opens opportunities for further research on the use of biwa leaves in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory disorders, as well as its contribution in the development of plant-based therapy that is more effective and safe.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the use of biwa leaves in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory disorders. Future studies should investigate the efficacy and safety of EEDB in humans, as well as its potential interactions with other medications. Additionally, studies should be conducted to understand the mechanisms of action of EEDB in more detail, including its effects on other enzymes and signaling pathways.

Implications for Pharmacology

The findings of this study have implications for the development of new pharmacological therapies for asthma and other respiratory disorders. EEDB has been shown to have a relaxation effect on the smooth muscle of the trachea, which is a key feature of asthma. This effect is thought to be mediated through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 enzymes, which is a novel mechanism of action for a plant-based therapy. The development of EEDB as a bronchodilator agent has the potential to provide a new and effective treatment option for patients with asthma.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides evidence that biwa leaf ethanol extract has a significant relaxation effect on the smooth muscle of the trachea induced by histamine. The mechanism of action of EEDB is thought to be mediated through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 enzymes, which is a novel mechanism of action for a plant-based therapy. The findings of this study have implications for the development of new pharmacological therapies for asthma and other respiratory disorders, and provide a foundation for further research on the use of biwa leaves in the treatment of these conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Effect of Relaxation of Biwa Leaf Ethanol Extract (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) On Histamine-1 Receptors

Q: What is biwa leaf ethanol extract (EEDB)?

A: Biwa leaf ethanol extract (EEDB) is a plant-based extract derived from the leaves of the Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. plant, also known as the biwa leaf. EEDB has been traditionally used in medicine to treat various respiratory problems, including asthma and bronchitis.

Q: What is the mechanism of action of EEDB?

A: The mechanism of action of EEDB is thought to be mediated through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) enzymes. PDE5 enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of cyclic monophosphate guanosin (CGMP), which functions as a signal for smooth muscle relaxation. By inhibiting PDE5, EEDB increases CGMP levels, which in turn increases the relaxation of smooth muscle in the trachea.

Q: What are the benefits of using EEDB as a treatment for asthma?

A: The benefits of using EEDB as a treatment for asthma include its potential to provide a new and effective treatment option for patients with asthma. EEDB has been shown to have a significant relaxation effect on the smooth muscle of the trachea, which is a key feature of asthma. Additionally, EEDB may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could help to reduce the severity of asthma symptoms.

Q: Is EEDB safe to use?

A: While EEDB has been shown to be safe to use in animal studies, more research is needed to fully understand its safety profile in humans. As with any new treatment, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using EEDB, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking any medications.

Q: Can EEDB be used in combination with other medications?

A: The potential interactions between EEDB and other medications are not well understood, and more research is needed to determine its safety and efficacy when used in combination with other treatments. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using EEDB, especially if you are taking any medications or have any underlying medical conditions.

Q: How is EEDB typically administered?

A: EEDB is typically administered orally, in the form of a capsule or tablet. However, the optimal dosage and administration route of EEDB have not been established, and more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in humans.

Q: What are the potential side effects of using EEDB?

A: While EEDB has been shown to be safe to use in animal studies, more research is needed to fully understand its side effect profile in humans. Potential side effects of using EEDB may include gastrointestinal upset, headaches, and dizziness. However, these side effects are typically mild and temporary.

Q: Can EEDB be used to treat other respiratory disorders?

A: While EEDB has been shown to be effective in treating asthma, its potential to treat other respiratory disorders is not well understood. More research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in treating conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis.

Q: How can I obtain EEDB?

A: EEDB is not currently available as a commercial product, and it is not widely available in pharmacies or online retailers. However, it may be possible to obtain EEDB through a healthcare professional or a specialized herbal medicine supplier. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using EEDB, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking any medications.