The Effect of Comparison of Citric Acid Adhesives and Sorghum Flour on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particle Board from Salak Fronds Waste

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 1 views

The Effect of Comparison of Citric Acid Adhesives and Sorghum Flour on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particle Board from Salak Fronds Waste

Introduction

The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly building materials has led to the exploration of alternative raw materials, including agricultural waste. Salak midrib, a type of agricultural waste, has been identified as a potential raw material for making particle boards. This study aims to analyze the effect of the comparison of citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour on the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards made from salak fronds waste. The research also seeks to determine the best adhesive comparison that produces optimal quality particle boards.

Background

Particle boards are a type of engineered wood product made from wood fibers or other plant materials, bonded together with adhesives. The use of agricultural waste as a raw material for particle boards has several benefits, including reducing waste disposal costs, conserving natural resources, and minimizing the environmental impact of waste. Citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour have been identified as potential alternatives to traditional adhesives used in particle board production.

Materials and Methods

The particle boards tested in this study were made with a size of 25cm x 25cm x 1cm and used various adhesive compositions, namely:

100% citric acid
10% citric acid and 90% sorghum flour
15% citric acid and 85% sorghum flour
20% citric acid and 80% sorghum flour
100% sorghum flour

The results of each treatment were later compared to SNI standard 03-2105-2006. Data analysis was carried out using a non-factorial complete random design (RAL).

Results

The results of the study showed that the value of density, water content, water absorption for 24 hours, thickness of 24 hours, modulus of elasticity (MOE), broken modulus (MOR), and Bonding Internlaminar (IB) fluctuated between:

0.49-0.72 g/cm³ (density)
4.12-10.20% (water content)
47.04%-62.50% (water absorption for 24 hours)
4.31%-72.71% (thickness of 24 hours)
2190-3511 kg/cm² (MOE)
10.38-24.20 kg/cm² (MOR)
0.60-3.56 kg/cm² (IB)

Discussion

The results of the study showed that the treatment using citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour has a significant effect on increasing the physical and mechanical properties of particle board, except for MOE testing. Although the density and water content have met the SNI 03-2105-2006 standards, the MOE and MOR test results show that the overall value does not meet the established criteria. This indicates that although citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour contribute to the quality of particle board, mechanical aspects still need to be improved to achieve the desired standards.

Conclusion

The best adhesive comparison found in this study is to use 100% citric acid. This shows that citric acid as a single adhesive gives better results compared to a combination with sorghum flour. This success can be a reference for the industry in utilizing agricultural waste and reducing the environmental impact of waste, while producing more environmentally friendly building materials.

Recommendations

With further research and the development of appropriate technology, the use of salak fronds as raw material for particle boards has the potential to increase the sustainability of the wood industry and provide alternative solutions for the use of agricultural waste. The findings of this study can be used as a starting point for further research on the use of citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour in particle board production.

Future Research Directions

Future research can focus on:

Optimizing the composition of citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour to improve the mechanical properties of particle boards
Developing new technologies for the production of particle boards from salak fronds waste
Investigating the potential of using other agricultural waste materials as raw materials for particle boards

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

The use of a small sample size
The limited number of adhesive compositions tested
The lack of control over the quality of the salak fronds waste used as raw material

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has shown that the use of citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour can improve the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards made from salak fronds waste. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for the industry in utilizing agricultural waste and reducing the environmental impact of waste, while producing more environmentally friendly building materials.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Effect of Comparison of Citric Acid Adhesives and Sorghum Flour on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particle Board from Salak Fronds Waste

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the comparison of citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour on the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards made from salak fronds waste.

Q: What are the benefits of using agricultural waste as a raw material for particle boards?

A: The use of agricultural waste as a raw material for particle boards has several benefits, including reducing waste disposal costs, conserving natural resources, and minimizing the environmental impact of waste.

Q: What are the different adhesive compositions used in this study?

A: The different adhesive compositions used in this study are:

100% citric acid
10% citric acid and 90% sorghum flour
15% citric acid and 85% sorghum flour
20% citric acid and 80% sorghum flour
100% sorghum flour

Q: What are the results of the study?

A: The results of the study showed that the treatment using citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour has a significant effect on increasing the physical and mechanical properties of particle board, except for MOE testing. Although the density and water content have met the SNI 03-2105-2006 standards, the MOE and MOR test results show that the overall value does not meet the established criteria.

Q: What is the best adhesive comparison found in this study?

A: The best adhesive comparison found in this study is to use 100% citric acid. This shows that citric acid as a single adhesive gives better results compared to a combination with sorghum flour.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The findings of this study can be used as a reference for the industry in utilizing agricultural waste and reducing the environmental impact of waste, while producing more environmentally friendly building materials.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

The use of a small sample size
The limited number of adhesive compositions tested
The lack of control over the quality of the salak fronds waste used as raw material

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research can focus on:

Optimizing the composition of citric acid adhesives and sorghum flour to improve the mechanical properties of particle boards
Developing new technologies for the production of particle boards from salak fronds waste
Investigating the potential of using other agricultural waste materials as raw materials for particle boards

Q: What are the potential benefits of using salak fronds as a raw material for particle boards?

A: The use of salak fronds as a raw material for particle boards has the potential to increase the sustainability of the wood industry and provide alternative solutions for the use of agricultural waste.

Q: What are the potential challenges of using salak fronds as a raw material for particle boards?

A: The potential challenges of using salak fronds as a raw material for particle boards include:

The availability and quality of salak fronds waste
The cost of production and processing
The need for further research and development to optimize the composition and properties of the particle boards.

Q: What are the potential applications of particle boards made from salak fronds waste?

A: The potential applications of particle boards made from salak fronds waste include:

Building construction
Furniture making
Packaging materials
Decorative panels

Q: What are the potential benefits of using particle boards made from salak fronds waste?

A: The potential benefits of using particle boards made from salak fronds waste include:

Reduced waste disposal costs
Conserved natural resources
Minimized environmental impact
Improved sustainability of the wood industry.