Systematic Review of Antihyperlipidemia Ethanol Extract of Indonesian Plants in Rats and Mice

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 32 views

Systematic Review of Antihyperlipidemia Ethanol Extract of Indonesian Plants in Rats and Mice

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, is a significant health problem worldwide. The conventional treatment for hyperlipidemia involves the use of synthetic drugs, such as statins, which are often effective but can have unwanted side effects. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in natural treatments, including the use of plant extracts, to manage hyperlipidemia. Indonesia, with its rich biodiversity, is a potential source of antihyperlipidemia plants. However, the effectiveness of these plants in reducing cholesterol levels is still unclear.

Research Purposes

The main purpose of this study is to explore the potential of ethanol extracts of Indonesian plants in reducing cholesterol levels in rats and mice. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of these plants in managing hyperlipidemia and to identify the most promising candidates for further development as phytopharmaceutical products.

Methodology

This study is a qualitative systematic review that adopts the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods. The process includes the formulation of research questions, determination of databases and keywords, relevant article selection based on inclusion criteria, as well as extraction and data synthesis from primary studies. The focus of this review is on the decrease in cholesterol levels in mice and rats that are induced with three types of induction in accordance with established criteria. As a positive control, statins are used in this study.

Results

Of the 501 articles reviewed, only 28 articles meet the inclusion criteria and can be synthesized. Ethanol extracts from various plants show variations in the effectiveness of decreased cholesterol levels, with the most prominent results as follows:

Leaf Extracts

Moringa: 50.67% decrease in cholesterol levels
Kirinyuh: 49.95% decrease in cholesterol levels
Cempedak: 49.93% decrease in cholesterol levels

Seed Extracts

Green coffee: 53.78% decrease in cholesterol levels
Jengkol: 51.20% decrease in cholesterol levels

Rind Extracts

Pisang Mas: 68.78% decrease in cholesterol levels

Stem Bark Extracts

Sikkam: 46.57% decrease in cholesterol levels

Tuber Extracts

Dayak onion: 42.18% decrease in cholesterol levels

From the results obtained, Moringa leaves ethanol extract and kirinyuh leaves show promising potential as antihyperlipidemia agents. In addition, the ease in the harvesting process makes both the ideal choice for further development as a phytopharmaceutical product.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that ethanol extract from Moringa leaves and kirinyuh leaves are two main candidates that are effective in reducing cholesterol levels. The effectiveness of these two extracts is not only supported by significant research results, but also by the ease of collecting raw materials. Further research on the potential and mechanism of work of this extract is expected to be able to open the way for the development of safer and effective antihyperlipidemia therapy based on Indonesia's natural resources.

Implications

The findings of this study have significant implications for the development of antihyperlipidemia therapy based on Indonesian plants. The use of Moringa leaves and kirinyuh leaves as antihyperlipidemia agents has the potential to provide a safer and more effective alternative to synthetic drugs. Additionally, the ease of harvesting these plants makes them an ideal choice for further development as phytopharmaceutical products.

Limitations

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the review is limited to ethanol extracts of Indonesian plants, and the effectiveness of other types of extracts is not explored. Secondly, the study only focuses on the decrease in cholesterol levels and does not explore other potential benefits of these plants. Finally, the study is limited to in vitro and in vivo studies and does not explore the potential of these plants in human clinical trials.

Future Directions

Future studies should focus on exploring the potential of Moringa leaves and kirinyuh leaves in human clinical trials. Additionally, further research is needed to understand the mechanism of work of these extracts and to identify other potential antihyperlipidemia agents. The development of antihyperlipidemia therapy based on Indonesian plants has the potential to provide a safer and more effective alternative to synthetic drugs and to contribute to the development of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly healthcare system.

References

The references used in this study are listed below:

[1] [Reference 1]
[2] [Reference 2]
[3] [Reference 3]
...
[28] [Reference 28]

Note: The references are not included in this response as they are not provided in the original text.
Q&A: Systematic Review of Antihyperlipidemia Ethanol Extract of Indonesian Plants in Rats and Mice

Q: What is hyperlipidemia and why is it a significant health problem?

A: Hyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. It is a significant health problem because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, and strokes.

Q: What are the conventional treatments for hyperlipidemia?

A: The conventional treatments for hyperlipidemia include the use of synthetic drugs, such as statins, which are often effective but can have unwanted side effects.

Q: Why are natural treatments, including plant extracts, being explored as alternatives to synthetic drugs?

A: Natural treatments, including plant extracts, are being explored as alternatives to synthetic drugs because they are often safer and more effective, and can provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly healthcare system.

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The main purpose of this study is to explore the potential of ethanol extracts of Indonesian plants in reducing cholesterol levels in rats and mice.

Q: What methodology was used in this study?

A: This study is a qualitative systematic review that adopts the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods.

Q: What were the results of this study?

A: Of the 501 articles reviewed, only 28 articles meet the inclusion criteria and can be synthesized. Ethanol extracts from various plants show variations in the effectiveness of decreased cholesterol levels, with the most prominent results as follows:

Leaf Extracts: Moringa (50.67%), Kirinyuh (49.95%), Cempedak (49.93%)
Seed Extracts: Green coffee (53.78%), Jengkol (51.20%)
Rind Extracts: Pisang Mas (68.78%)
Stem Bark Extracts: Sikkam (46.57%)
Tuber Extracts: Dayak onion (42.18%)

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for the development of antihyperlipidemia therapy based on Indonesian plants. The use of Moringa leaves and kirinyuh leaves as antihyperlipidemia agents has the potential to provide a safer and more effective alternative to synthetic drugs.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the review is limited to ethanol extracts of Indonesian plants, the effectiveness of other types of extracts is not explored, and the study only focuses on the decrease in cholesterol levels and does not explore other potential benefits of these plants.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: Future studies should focus on exploring the potential of Moringa leaves and kirinyuh leaves in human clinical trials, and further research is needed to understand the mechanism of work of these extracts and to identify other potential antihyperlipidemia agents.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using plant extracts as antihyperlipidemia agents?

A: The potential benefits of using plant extracts as antihyperlipidemia agents include providing a safer and more effective alternative to synthetic drugs, and contributing to the development of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly healthcare system.

Q: What are the potential risks of using plant extracts as antihyperlipidemia agents?

A: The potential risks of using plant extracts as antihyperlipidemia agents include the potential for adverse effects, interactions with other medications, and the lack of standardization and regulation in the industry.

Q: How can readers access the full text of this study?

A: The full text of this study can be accessed through the online database of the journal in which it was published.