Regular monitoring of oral and salivary conditions

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 7 views

Prevalence of Changes in Oral and Salivary Mucosa in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases who are Undergoing Hemodialysis at the Special Hospital of Rasyida Medan Kidney

Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing health concern in Indonesia, with an increasing number of patients requiring substitute kidney function through hemodialysis. However, patients undergoing this therapy often experience various changes, particularly in the oral mucosa and salivary production. This study aims to understand the distribution of symptoms, signs of changes in the oral mucosa, and analyze the flow rate and pH of saliva in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Special Hospital of Rasyida Medan Kidney.

Methodology

This study employed a descriptive methodology, where the measurement of symptoms was carried out through interviews with patients, while signs of oral mucosal changes were evaluated through direct examination of the oral cavity. To measure salivary production without stimulation, the spitting method was used, and the saliva pH was measured using a universal test paper. A total of 30 subjects, consisting of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, were analyzed. The data collected was processed using computerized methods to increase the accuracy of the analysis.

Demographic Characteristics of the Subjects

The majority of the subjects were aged between 55 to 74 years (60.0%), and were dominated by men (70.0%). The duration of hemodialysis varied, with patients having a length of therapy less than 12 months and more than 24 months each covering 36.7% of the total subject.

Symptoms of Oral Mucosa Changes

The results of the interviews revealed that the symptoms of halitosis (bad breath) were recorded at 41.18% of patients, followed by xerostomia (dry mouth) at 36.76% of patients, as well as tasting disorders reported by 22.06% of patients. These symptoms are indicative of changes in the oral mucosa, which can have a significant impact on the quality of life of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Signs of Oral Mucosa Changes

As part of a physical examination, signs found in the oral mucosa included pale mucosa (42.55%), coated tongue as much as 34.05%, and uremic stomatitis identified at 23.40% of patients. These signs are indicative of changes in the oral mucosa, which can be caused by the underlying CKD and hemodialysis therapy.

Salivary Flow and pH

When measured, the rate of Salivary Flow without low stimulation was detected at 56.7% of patients, while the majority pH saliva was within the normal range (76.7%). These findings suggest that the salivary production and pH of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis are within the normal range, which is a positive finding.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant prevalence of changes in the oral mucosa and salivary in CKD patients who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy at the Special Hospital of Rasyida Medan Kidney. This finding shows the importance of monitoring oral and salivary conditions, as well as the need for the therapeutic approach to overcome this problem. Appropriate handling and education to patients can contribute to improving the quality of their lives, as well as overcoming the negative impacts of the impact of CKD and hemodialysis therapy.

Implications of the Study

More broadly, this research also gives a clearer picture of the oral health condition of CKD patients, which until now still lacks attention in clinical practice and research in Indonesia. This knowledge is important for developing more effective prevention and treatment programs in maintaining the oral health of CKD patients. The findings of this study can also be used to inform healthcare providers and policymakers about the importance of oral health in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Regular monitoring of oral and salivary conditions: Regular monitoring of oral and salivary conditions is essential to identify changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Therapeutic approach: A therapeutic approach is necessary to overcome the changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Education and handling: Appropriate education and handling of patients can contribute to improving the quality of their lives, as well as overcoming the negative impacts of the impact of CKD and hemodialysis therapy.
Development of prevention and treatment programs: The development of more effective prevention and treatment programs in maintaining the oral health of CKD patients is essential.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study is small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Cross-sectional design: The cross-sectional design of this study may not capture the longitudinal changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Limited measurement tools: The measurement tools used in this study may not be sensitive enough to capture the changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

Increase the sample size: Increase the sample size to improve the generalizability of the findings.
Use longitudinal design: Use a longitudinal design to capture the longitudinal changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Use more sensitive measurement tools: Use more sensitive measurement tools to capture the changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the significant prevalence of changes in the oral mucosa and salivary in CKD patients who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy at the Special Hospital of Rasyida Medan Kidney. The findings of this study have important implications for the development of more effective prevention and treatment programs in maintaining the oral health of CKD patients.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Prevalence of Changes in Oral and Salivary Mucosa in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases who are Undergoing Hemodialysis at the Special Hospital of Rasyida Medan Kidney

Q: What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

A: CKD is a health problem that continues to increase in Indonesia every year. It is a condition where the kidneys are damaged and cannot function properly, leading to a buildup of waste products in the body.

Q: What is hemodialysis?

A: Hemodialysis is a treatment for CKD patients where the blood is filtered outside the body to remove waste products. It is a substitute for kidney function and is often used when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly.

Q: What are the symptoms of oral mucosa changes in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: The symptoms of oral mucosa changes in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis include halitosis (bad breath), xerostomia (dry mouth), and tasting disorders.

Q: What are the signs of oral mucosa changes in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: The signs of oral mucosa changes in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis include pale mucosa, coated tongue, and uremic stomatitis.

Q: What is the significance of salivary flow and pH in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: Salivary flow and pH are important indicators of oral health in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Abnormal salivary flow and pH can lead to oral mucosa changes and other complications.

Q: What are the implications of the study for CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: The study highlights the importance of monitoring oral and salivary conditions in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Regular monitoring and therapeutic approach can help prevent and manage oral mucosa changes and other complications.

Q: What are the recommendations for healthcare providers and policymakers based on the study?

A: The study recommends that healthcare providers and policymakers prioritize oral health in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. This includes regular monitoring of oral and salivary conditions, therapeutic approach, and education and handling of patients.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including a small sample size, cross-sectional design, and limited measurement tools.

Q: What are the future directions for research on oral health in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: Future studies should aim to increase the sample size, use longitudinal design, and use more sensitive measurement tools to capture the changes in the oral mucosa and salivary production in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Q: What can CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis do to maintain their oral health?

A: CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis can maintain their oral health by:

Regularly brushing and flossing their teeth
Using a fluoride mouthwash
Visiting their dentist regularly
Monitoring their salivary flow and pH
Following a therapeutic approach to manage oral mucosa changes and other complications

Q: What role can healthcare providers play in maintaining the oral health of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: Healthcare providers can play a crucial role in maintaining the oral health of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis by:

Regularly monitoring oral and salivary conditions
Providing therapeutic approach to manage oral mucosa changes and other complications
Educating patients on oral health and self-care
Collaborating with other healthcare providers to develop comprehensive care plans

Q: What are the potential consequences of neglecting oral health in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: Neglecting oral health in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis can lead to:

Oral mucosa changes and other complications
Increased risk of infections and other health problems
Decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs
Potential long-term consequences, such as tooth loss and other oral health problems.