Optimal Milling Time and Annealing Temperature

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 0 views

The Effect of Wet Milling and Annealing Temperature on Physical, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of NDFEB Flakes

Introduction

The development of advanced magnetic materials has been a significant focus in recent years, with applications in various industries such as electric motors, generators, and energy storage devices. One of the key challenges in producing high-performance magnetic materials is the control of their physical, microstructure, and magnetic properties. In this study, we investigate the effect of wet milling and annealing temperature on the physical, microstructure, and magnetic properties of NDFEB flakes.

Wet Milling Process

Wet milling is a process used to produce smaller particle sizes and more equitable distribution of particles. In this study, we used a ball mill to mill the NDFEB material for varying times of 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The particle size of the milled material was analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The results showed that the optimal milling time to reach the best particle size is 48 hours with a particle size of 1.49 micrometers.

Annealing Treatment

After the mechanical milling process, the sample was tested in the form of a pellet through a compacting process with isotropic printing technique. The annealing treatment was carried out at a variety of temperatures of 150 ° C and 170 ° C. Microstructural characterization was done with an Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) scanning, while the magnetic properties were measured using Gaussmeter, Permaegraph, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).

Results and Discussion

The results of the XRD analysis showed that the phase that appears is only the ND2FE14B phase, which can be maintained up to a 72 hour milling time variation. In addition, the resulting material density increases with the increase in milling time. Microstructure and composition analysis carried out through SEM-EDX shows the existence of ND, Fe, and PR elements. The strength of the magnetic field produced by Annealing treatment at 170 ° C for the milling sample for 72 hours reaches 430 Gauss.

Optimal Milling Time and Annealing Temperature

The results of this study show that a longer milling time, up to 48 hours, produces an ideal particle size for magnetic applications. Annealing process at the right temperature also plays an important role in improving the magnetic properties of the material. Higher temperature treatment allows the crystal structure re-arrangement and eliminate the irregularity produced during the milling process. The measured magnets show that the Annealing temperature 170 ° C gives the best results, which shows optimal magnetic strength.

Conclusion

Through this study, it can be concluded that the right combination of milling time and an appropriate annealing treatment can produce NDFEB magnets with superior physical and magnetic properties. The results of this study can be a guide for further development in magnetic manufacturing technology, especially in applications that require high-performance magnetic materials. With the results that show a significant relationship between the process variable, this research becomes very relevant for the development of modern magnetic materials that are widely used in industry.

Future Work

This study provides a foundation for further research in the development of advanced magnetic materials. Future work can focus on optimizing the milling time and annealing temperature to produce even better magnetic properties. Additionally, the study of the effect of other process variables, such as the type of milling media and the milling speed, can provide further insights into the development of high-performance magnetic materials.

Applications

The results of this study have significant implications for the development of modern magnetic materials. The production of high-performance magnetic materials is crucial for various industries, including electric motors, generators, and energy storage devices. The findings of this study can be used to develop new magnetic materials with improved physical and magnetic properties, which can lead to the development of more efficient and reliable devices.

Limitations

This study has some limitations that need to be addressed in future work. The study only investigated the effect of wet milling and annealing temperature on the physical, microstructure, and magnetic properties of NDFEB flakes. Future work can investigate the effect of other process variables, such as the type of milling media and the milling speed, on the properties of the material. Additionally, the study can be extended to other types of magnetic materials to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the development of high-performance magnetic materials.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of wet milling and annealing temperature on the physical, microstructure, and magnetic properties of NDFEB flakes. The results show that a longer milling time, up to 48 hours, produces an ideal particle size for magnetic applications, and annealing process at the right temperature plays an important role in improving the magnetic properties of the material. The findings of this study can be used to develop new magnetic materials with improved physical and magnetic properties, which can lead to the development of more efficient and reliable devices.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Effect of Wet Milling and Annealing Temperature on Physical, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of NDFEB Flakes

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wet milling and annealing temperature on the physical, microstructure, and magnetic properties of NDFEB flakes.

Q: What is wet milling, and how is it used in this study?

A: Wet milling is a process used to produce smaller particle sizes and more equitable distribution of particles. In this study, we used a ball mill to mill the NDFEB material for varying times of 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Q: What is the optimal milling time for producing NDFEB flakes with the best particle size?

A: The optimal milling time to reach the best particle size is 48 hours with a particle size of 1.49 micrometers.

Q: What is the effect of annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of NDFEB flakes?

A: The results of this study show that annealing process at the right temperature plays an important role in improving the magnetic properties of the material. Higher temperature treatment allows the crystal structure re-arrangement and eliminate the irregularity produced during the milling process.

Q: What is the significance of the ND2FE14B phase in the XRD analysis?

A: The ND2FE14B phase is the only phase that appears in the XRD analysis, which can be maintained up to a 72 hour milling time variation.

Q: What is the strength of the magnetic field produced by Annealing treatment at 170 ° C for the milling sample for 72 hours?

A: The strength of the magnetic field produced by Annealing treatment at 170 ° C for the milling sample for 72 hours reaches 430 Gauss.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the development of modern magnetic materials?

A: The results of this study have significant implications for the development of modern magnetic materials. The production of high-performance magnetic materials is crucial for various industries, including electric motors, generators, and energy storage devices.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has some limitations that need to be addressed in future work. The study only investigated the effect of wet milling and annealing temperature on the physical, microstructure, and magnetic properties of NDFEB flakes. Future work can investigate the effect of other process variables, such as the type of milling media and the milling speed, on the properties of the material.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The findings of this study can be used to develop new magnetic materials with improved physical and magnetic properties, which can lead to the development of more efficient and reliable devices.

Q: What is the next step in this research?

A: Future work can focus on optimizing the milling time and annealing temperature to produce even better magnetic properties. Additionally, the study of the effect of other process variables, such as the type of milling media and the milling speed, can provide further insights into the development of high-performance magnetic materials.

Q: Who can benefit from this study?

A: This study can benefit researchers, engineers, and scientists working in the field of magnetic materials, as well as industries that rely on high-performance magnetic materials, such as electric motors, generators, and energy storage devices.

Q: What are the potential risks or challenges associated with this study?

A: The potential risks or challenges associated with this study include the development of materials with unpredictable properties, which can lead to device failure or other safety issues. However, these risks can be mitigated by carefully controlling the process variables and conducting thorough testing and characterization of the materials.