Morphological Analysis and Physical Interaction

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 88 views

Introduction

The use of elastomer thermoplastic alloys as sound dampening materials has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to provide efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. In this study, we investigated the use of polypropylene (PP) with SIR 10 rubber and EPDM rubber as the elastomer thermoplastic alloy, combined with pulp filler materials from oil palm empty bunches (Paneb) as a sound dampening material. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanical and acoustic properties of the elastomer thermoplastic alloy with pulp filler materials and to evaluate its potential as a sound dampening material.

Methodology and Testing

The characterization of the specimen was carried out with a series of tests, including tensile tests according to ASTM D638 for tensile strength, impact test according to ASTM D256 for toughness, water absorption test according to ASTM C20-00-2005, as well as morphological analysis using Microscope (SEM) scanning Electron (SEM). Thermal properties were evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In addition, the analysis of the functional group was carried out with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the sound absorption coefficient was tested using an impedance tube according to ASTM E 1050-1990.

Research Results

The results showed that the PP-Karet SIR 10 alloy with 2 DCP PHR produced the highest tensile force of 6.30 MPa and 17.08%. When 3 DVB PHR was added, this alloy recorded tensile strength increased to 7.79 MPa with 21.98%. For PP-EPDM alloys with 2 PHR DCP, a tensile force was obtained of 16.67 MPa and 4.48%. The addition of 3 DVB PHR in this alloy increased the tensile strength to 18.84 MPa and 8.7%.

Interestingly, the addition of variations in the weight of the charger of PTEB and the Stearic acid dispersing agent affects the mechanical properties of the material. There was a decrease in tensile strength, disability, and toughness, although water absorption increased with the increase in the weight of the filler.

Morphological Analysis and Physical Interaction

Morphological analysis conducted by SEM showed that the distribution of fiber in the mixture became more evenly distributed when using the Stearat acid pendispersing agent, compared to the use of the agent. Meanwhile, the results of FTIR analysis indicated the presence of physical interaction between the mixed components, without a significant chemical reaction. Data from DSC/TGA showed a decrease in melting temperatures and decomposition temperatures, as well as reduction in weight due to heating at a certain temperature, which emphasized thermal stability of the mixture.

The Sound Absorption Coefficient

The sound absorption coefficient test showed that for low frequencies between 125 Hz to 1500 Hz, sound absorption coefficient values ranged from α = 0.15 to α = 0.8. These results indicated that the mixture of this elastomer alloy met the standard as a sound damper material.

Conclusion

This study proved that elastomer thermoplastic alloys that use oil palm empty pulp fillers have great potential as sound dampening materials. The mixing process involving DCP and DVB, as well as the selection of appropriate filler materials, allowed an increase in the mechanical and acoustic properties of the material. These results can make a significant contribution in the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly sound dampers.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

The use of oil palm empty pulp fillers as a sound dampening material is a promising approach.
The mixing process involving DCP and DVB, as well as the selection of appropriate filler materials, is crucial in achieving the desired mechanical and acoustic properties.
Further research is needed to optimize the formulation and processing conditions to achieve the best possible performance.
The use of elastomer thermoplastic alloys as sound dampening materials has the potential to provide efficient and environmentally friendly solutions.

Future Directions

The results of this study have opened up new avenues for research in the development of sound dampening materials. Some potential future directions include:

Investigating the use of different types of elastomers and fillers to optimize the mechanical and acoustic properties.
Developing new processing techniques to improve the uniformity and consistency of the mixture.
Evaluating the long-term durability and stability of the material under various environmental conditions.
Exploring the potential applications of the material in various industries, such as construction, automotive, and aerospace.

Limitations

This study has some limitations that should be acknowledged:

The study was limited to a specific type of elastomer and filler material.
The processing conditions and formulation were not optimized to achieve the best possible performance.
The study did not investigate the long-term durability and stability of the material.
The study did not explore the potential applications of the material in various industries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of elastomer thermoplastic alloys with pulp filler materials from oil palm empty bunches as sound dampening materials. The results have shown that the mixing process involving DCP and DVB, as well as the selection of appropriate filler materials, can increase the mechanical and acoustic properties of the material. These findings have significant implications for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly sound dampers.

Q: What is an elastomer thermoplastic alloy?

A: An elastomer thermoplastic alloy is a type of material that combines the properties of elastomers (rubber-like materials) and thermoplastics (materials that can be melted and reformed). In this study, we used polypropylene (PP) with SIR 10 rubber and EPDM rubber as the elastomer thermoplastic alloy.

Q: What is the purpose of using pulp filler materials from oil palm empty bunches?

A: The pulp filler materials from oil palm empty bunches were used to improve the mechanical and acoustic properties of the elastomer thermoplastic alloy. The addition of these filler materials can increase the tensile strength, toughness, and sound absorption coefficient of the material.

Q: How was the mixture of the elastomer thermoplastic alloy and pulp filler materials prepared?

A: The mixture was prepared using a dynamic mixing process involving the initiators of Dicumyl Peroxide (DCP) and Divinyl Benzene (DVB) binding agents. The weight of the pulp filler materials was varied from 10 g to 40 g, and the addition of a stearic acid pendispersing agent was also investigated.

Q: What tests were conducted to evaluate the properties of the elastomer thermoplastic alloy with pulp filler materials?

A: A series of tests were conducted, including tensile tests, impact tests, water absorption tests, morphological analysis using SEM, thermal properties using DSC and TGA, and functional group analysis using FTIR. The sound absorption coefficient was also tested using an impedance tube.

Q: What were the results of the tensile tests?

A: The results showed that the PP-Karet SIR 10 alloy with 2 DCP PHR produced the highest tensile force of 6.30 MPa and 17.08%. When 3 DVB PHR was added, this alloy recorded tensile strength increased to 7.79 MPa with 21.98%. For PP-EPDM alloys with 2 PHR DCP, a tensile force was obtained of 16.67 MPa and 4.48%. The addition of 3 DVB PHR in this alloy increased the tensile strength to 18.84 MPa and 8.7%.

Q: What were the results of the morphological analysis?

A: The results showed that the distribution of fiber in the mixture became more evenly distributed when using the Stearat acid pendispersing agent, compared to the use of the agent. The results of FTIR analysis indicated the presence of physical interaction between the mixed components, without a significant chemical reaction.

Q: What were the results of the sound absorption coefficient test?

A: The results showed that for low frequencies between 125 Hz to 1500 Hz, sound absorption coefficient values ranged from α = 0.15 to α = 0.8. These results indicated that the mixture of this elastomer alloy met the standard as a sound damper material.

Q: What are the potential applications of the elastomer thermoplastic alloy with pulp filler materials?

A: The potential applications of the elastomer thermoplastic alloy with pulp filler materials include sound dampening materials in various industries, such as construction, automotive, and aerospace.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study was limited to a specific type of elastomer and filler material. The processing conditions and formulation were not optimized to achieve the best possible performance. The study did not investigate the long-term durability and stability of the material. The study did not explore the potential applications of the material in various industries.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: The future directions for this research include investigating the use of different types of elastomers and fillers to optimize the mechanical and acoustic properties. Developing new processing techniques to improve the uniformity and consistency of the mixture. Evaluating the long-term durability and stability of the material under various environmental conditions. Exploring the potential applications of the material in various industries.