Mitigation of Climate Change

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 96 views

Analysis of Changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST), Bare Soil Index (BSI), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) to Environmental Services Using Landsat Image in the Lubuk Kertang Mangrove Mangrove Area

Introduction

Mangrove ecosystems play a vital role in maintaining the balance of the environment and economy in coastal areas. However, the condition of mangrove forests in Lubuk Kertang Village, Langkat, has been deteriorating due to the expansion of oil palm plantations. This has led to increased flooding, reduced carbon storage, and increased sedimentation in the soil around the waters of mangrove forests. The conversion of mangrove forests to oil palm plantations has also resulted in a decrease in ecological function in the area. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the impact of changes in mangrove ecosystems on environmental services in terms of climate change mitigation and sedimentation prevention.

Background

Mangrove ecosystems have great potential for the welfare of the community in economic, social, and environmental aspects. However, the condition of the mangrove forest in Lubuk Kertang Village has suffered increased damage. The expansion of oil palm plantations makes fishing villages vulnerable to flooding, reducing the ability of mangroves in storing carbon for better climate, and increasing sedimentation in the soil around the waters of mangrove forests. Ecologically, the conversion causes a decrease in ecological function in the area.

Methodology

This study aims to determine the impact of changes in mangrove ecosystems on mangrove environmental services in terms of climate change mitigation and sedimentation prevention using landsat satellite images in the Lubuk Kertang mangrove forest. This study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022. Changes in environmental services were analyzed by changes in land cover using a preserved method and followed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Bare Soil Index (BSI), and total suspended Solid (TSS) uses Landsat Image 5, 7, and 8. Analysis was carried out in the 2002-2020 period.

Results

The results of the analysis were preserved showing changes in mangrove forests which initially the condition of the forest was good, then damaged, and then recovered. This is supported by an increase in plant/NDVI density, then decreases, and then increases again. The impact of this change on environmental services is felt directly by the surrounding community, even to climate change, one of which is an increase in carbon emissions in the air.

Closer Analysis

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

This index shows the density of vegetation. Increased NDVI indicates a more dense and healthier vegetation, while the decline indicates damage or degradation.

LST: Land Surface Temperature

A higher soil surface temperature can be caused by loss of vegetation and increasing open ground surface. This can be an indication of micro climate change in the area.

BSI: Bare Soil Index

This index measures the proportion of naked soil, which shows an open area and has the potential to cause erosion and sedimentation.

TSS: Total Suspended Solid

The high value of TSS indicates an increase in sedimentation in water, which can interfere with marine ecosystems and causes obstruction of photosynthesis by phytoplankton.

Impact on Environmental Services

Mitigation of Climate Change

Mangrove damage reduces its ability to absorb and store carbon. This has a negative impact on climate change mitigation efforts.

Sedimentation Prevention

Loss of mangrove vegetation causes the soil to be easily eroded and increase sedimentation in the waters. High sedimentation can damage coral reefs and other marine ecosystems.

Conclusion

This study shows the real impact of changing mangrove ecosystems on environmental services in Lubuk Kertang. Analysis using Landsat Image provides a better understanding of the dynamics of changes and their impact. The results of this study are important to support mangrove conservation efforts and sustainable management of coastal resources. It is essential to remember that mangrove ecosystems have an important role in maintaining environmental and economic balance in coastal areas. Therefore, efforts to preserve and rehabilitate mangroves must continue to be carried out to ensure the preservation of this valuable environmental service.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Mangrove Conservation Efforts: Efforts to conserve and rehabilitate mangroves must continue to be carried out to ensure the preservation of this valuable environmental service.
Sustainable Management of Coastal Resources: Sustainable management of coastal resources is essential to maintain the balance of the environment and economy in coastal areas.
Climate Change Mitigation: Mangrove damage reduces its ability to absorb and store carbon. Therefore, efforts to mitigate climate change must be continued.
Sedimentation Prevention: Loss of mangrove vegetation causes the soil to be easily eroded and increase sedimentation in the waters. Therefore, efforts to prevent sedimentation must be continued.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

Limited Study Area: The study was conducted in a limited area, which may not be representative of the entire mangrove ecosystem.
Limited Data: The study used limited data, which may not be sufficient to capture the dynamics of changes in mangrove ecosystems.
Methodological Limitations: The study used a preserved method, which may not be the most accurate method to analyze changes in mangrove ecosystems.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

Long-term Monitoring: Long-term monitoring of mangrove ecosystems is essential to understand the dynamics of changes and their impact.
Multi-sensor Analysis: Multi-sensor analysis using different satellite images and sensors can provide a better understanding of the dynamics of changes in mangrove ecosystems.
Integration with Other Data: Integration with other data, such as field observations and modeling, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of changes in mangrove ecosystems.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Mangrove Ecosystems and Their Impact on Environmental Services

Q: What are mangrove ecosystems?

A: Mangrove ecosystems are coastal and marine ecosystems that are dominated by mangrove trees. They are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world and play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the environment and economy in coastal areas.

Q: What are the benefits of mangrove ecosystems?

A: Mangrove ecosystems provide numerous benefits, including:

Shoreline protection: Mangroves help to protect shorelines from erosion and damage caused by storms and tsunamis.
Fisheries: Mangroves provide a habitat for a diverse range of fish and other marine species, which are an important source of food for many communities.
Carbon sequestration: Mangroves are able to absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps to mitigate climate change.
Water filtration: Mangroves help to filter out pollutants and sediments from the water, which improves water quality and supports the health of marine ecosystems.

Q: What are the threats to mangrove ecosystems?

A: Mangrove ecosystems are facing numerous threats, including:

Deforestation: Mangrove forests are being cleared for agriculture, urbanization, and other human activities.
Overfishing: Overfishing and destructive fishing practices are degrading mangrove habitats and reducing the diversity of marine species.
Climate change: Climate change is causing sea levels to rise, which is leading to saltwater intrusion into mangrove forests and reducing their ability to survive.
Pollution: Pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, and other human activities is degrading mangrove habitats and reducing their ability to support marine life.

Q: What is the impact of mangrove loss on environmental services?

A: The loss of mangrove ecosystems has a significant impact on environmental services, including:

Reduced shoreline protection: Without mangroves, shorelines are more vulnerable to erosion and damage caused by storms and tsunamis.
Reduced fisheries: The loss of mangrove habitats reduces the diversity of fish and other marine species, which can have a negative impact on fisheries and the communities that depend on them.
Increased carbon emissions: The loss of mangrove carbon sequestration capacity can lead to increased carbon emissions and exacerbate climate change.
Reduced water filtration: The loss of mangrove habitats can reduce the ability of the water to filter out pollutants and sediments, which can have a negative impact on water quality and marine ecosystems.

Q: What can be done to conserve and restore mangrove ecosystems?

A: There are several steps that can be taken to conserve and restore mangrove ecosystems, including:

Establishing protected areas: Establishing protected areas can help to safeguard mangrove habitats and prevent deforestation and overfishing.
Restoring degraded habitats: Restoring degraded habitats can help to improve the health and resilience of mangrove ecosystems.
Promoting sustainable livelihoods: Promoting sustainable livelihoods, such as ecotourism and sustainable fishing practices, can help to support the conservation and restoration of mangrove ecosystems.
Addressing climate change: Addressing climate change through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation measures can help to reduce the impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems.

Q: What is the role of Landsat images in mangrove conservation?

A: Landsat images are a valuable tool for mangrove conservation, as they can provide high-resolution data on mangrove cover, health, and change over time. This information can be used to:

Monitor mangrove cover: Monitor changes in mangrove cover and identify areas where conservation efforts are needed.
Assess mangrove health: Assess the health of mangrove forests and identify areas where restoration efforts are needed.
Track changes: Track changes in mangrove ecosystems over time and identify areas where conservation efforts are needed.

Q: What are the limitations of using Landsat images for mangrove conservation?

A: While Landsat images are a valuable tool for mangrove conservation, there are several limitations to their use, including:

Resolution: Landsat images have a relatively low resolution, which can make it difficult to identify small-scale changes in mangrove cover and health.
Temporal resolution: Landsat images are typically collected at a relatively low frequency, which can make it difficult to track changes in mangrove ecosystems over time.
Cloud cover: Cloud cover can limit the availability of Landsat images, particularly in tropical regions where mangrove ecosystems are most prevalent.

Q: What are the future directions for mangrove conservation and restoration?

A: The future directions for mangrove conservation and restoration include:

Integrating multiple data sources: Integrating multiple data sources, including Landsat images, field observations, and modeling, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of mangrove ecosystems and their dynamics.
Developing new conservation and restoration strategies: Developing new conservation and restoration strategies that take into account the complex dynamics of mangrove ecosystems and the needs of local communities.
Addressing climate change: Addressing climate change through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation measures can help to reduce the impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems.
Promoting sustainable livelihoods: Promoting sustainable livelihoods, such as ecotourism and sustainable fishing practices, can help to support the conservation and restoration of mangrove ecosystems.