Increasing Adsorption Capacity with the Addition of CMC

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 43 views

Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogels Strengthened by CMC from Durian Skin: Environmentally Friendly Solutions to Overcome Heavy Metal Pollution

Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem that threatens environmental and human health. Heavy metals such as copper (Cu2+) can accumulate in the body and cause various health problems. Therefore, the development of effective and environmentally friendly waste treatment methods is very important. One promising solution is the use of biopolymer-based hydrogels as heavy metal adsorbents.

Heavy metal pollution is a widespread issue that affects not only the environment but also human health. Exposure to heavy metals can lead to various health problems, including cancer, neurological damage, and reproductive issues. The use of biopolymer-based hydrogels as heavy metal adsorbents is a promising solution to overcome this problem. Biopolymers are biodegradable and non-toxic, making them an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional adsorbents.

Synthesizing Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogels Strengthened by CMC from Durian Skin

This study succeeded in synthesizing the hydrogel of chitosan-alginate-based composite which was reinforced by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) which was extracted from durian skin. This hydrogel is produced with CMC concentration variations of 0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 4%. Hydrogel characterization is done using SEM-EDX, FTIR, UV-VIS, and DSA.

The synthesis of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin is a crucial step in developing an effective heavy metal adsorbent. The use of CMC extracted from durian skin makes the process more environmentally friendly. Durian skin is a waste product that is often discarded, and its use as a source of CMC reduces waste and promotes sustainability.

Increasing Adsorption Capacity with the Addition of CMC

The results showed that the addition of CMC significantly increased the surface adsorption capacity (DSA) of hydrogel. Hydrogel with CMC concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 4%indicates a higher DSA value compared to hydrogels without CMC. This increase is caused by a larger pore structure in the hydrogel that is strengthened by CMC. This is confirmed through SEM analysis which shows hydrogel morphology which tends to be porous with the size of the pores that increase along with the addition of CMC.

The addition of CMC to the chitosan-alginate hydrogel significantly increases its adsorption capacity. The larger pore structure created by CMC allows for a higher surface area, which in turn increases the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel. This is a critical finding, as it suggests that the use of CMC can enhance the effectiveness of the hydrogel as a heavy metal adsorbent.

Increased Interaction between Polymers

FTIR analysis shows an increase in interaction between polymers in hydrogels with the addition of CMC. IR hydrogel spectrum with a 2.5% CMC concentration looks sharper than CMC hydrogel, which shows a stronger cross bond between polymer tissue.

The increased interaction between polymers in the hydrogel is another critical finding. The stronger cross bond between polymer tissue created by CMC increases the stability of the hydrogel and its ability to adsorb heavy metals. This is a significant advantage, as it suggests that the use of CMC can enhance the durability and effectiveness of the hydrogel.

Efficiency of Heavy Metal Adsorption Cu2+

The UV-VIS test shows that hydrogel with a 2.5% CMC concentration has the best Cu2+ adsorption efficiency (71.052%). This adsorption efficiency is much higher than hydrogel without CMC (24.177%). The results of the EDX analysis also showed the presence of Cu ions in hydrogel and prove their ability to adsorive Cu2+ ions with a percentage of 62.21%.

The results of the UV-VIS test and EDX analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the chitosan-alginate hydrogel strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent. The hydrogel with a 2.5% CMC concentration has the highest adsorption efficiency, which is significantly higher than the hydrogel without CMC. This suggests that the use of CMC can enhance the effectiveness of the hydrogel as a heavy metal adsorbent.

Conclusion and Implications

This study succeeded in developing chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as an efficient and environmentally friendly Cu2+ heavy metal adsorbent. This hydrogel has several advantages, namely:

*** High adsorption efficiency: ** This hydrogel is able to absorb heavy metals Cu2+ effectively. *** Environmentally friendly raw materials: ** The use of durian skin as a source of CMC makes the process of making this hydrogel more environmentally friendly. *** Porous structure: ** Porous structure in hydrogel increases the contact surface area with heavy metals, thereby accelerating the adsorption process. *** Increased interaction between polymers: ** Strong cross interaction between polymers increases hydrogel stability and its ability to adsorive heavy metals.

This research opens new opportunities in the development of heavy metal adsorption technology that is more effective, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin have the potential to be applied in the treatment of industrial waste and heavy metal-contaminated drinking water.

The development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent has significant implications for the treatment of industrial waste and heavy metal-contaminated drinking water. The use of this hydrogel can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of heavy metal removal, while also promoting sustainability and reducing waste. This research opens new opportunities for the development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective heavy metal adsorption technology.

Q: What is the purpose of using chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent?

A: The purpose of using chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent is to develop an effective and environmentally friendly method for removing heavy metals from industrial waste and contaminated drinking water.

Q: What are the advantages of using chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent?

A: The advantages of using chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent include high adsorption efficiency, environmentally friendly raw materials, porous structure, and increased interaction between polymers.

Q: How does the addition of CMC to the chitosan-alginate hydrogel affect its adsorption capacity?

A: The addition of CMC to the chitosan-alginate hydrogel significantly increases its adsorption capacity by creating a larger pore structure that allows for a higher surface area.

Q: What is the role of FTIR analysis in the development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin?

A: FTIR analysis is used to study the interaction between polymers in the hydrogel and to determine the presence of CMC in the hydrogel.

Q: What is the significance of the UV-VIS test in the development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin?

A: The UV-VIS test is used to determine the adsorption efficiency of the hydrogel and to compare the adsorption efficiency of hydrogels with and without CMC.

Q: What are the potential applications of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent?

A: The potential applications of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent include the treatment of industrial waste and heavy metal-contaminated drinking water.

Q: Is the use of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent environmentally friendly?

A: Yes, the use of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent is environmentally friendly due to the use of biodegradable and non-toxic materials.

Q: Can chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin be used to remove other heavy metals besides Cu2+?

A: Yes, chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin can be used to remove other heavy metals besides Cu2+, but further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of the hydrogel for other heavy metals.

Q: What are the future directions for the development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent?

A: Future directions for the development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent include scaling up the production process, optimizing the composition of the hydrogel, and testing the hydrogel in real-world applications.

Q: How can the development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent contribute to sustainable development?

A: The development of chitosan-alginate hydrogels strengthened by CMC from durian skin as a heavy metal adsorbent can contribute to sustainable development by providing an effective and environmentally friendly method for removing heavy metals from industrial waste and contaminated drinking water, thereby reducing the environmental impact of heavy metal pollution.