Improve trauma handling system

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 5 views

Introduction

Multiple trauma, also known as trauma poly, is a condition where an individual experiences two or more physical injuries in various areas of the body. These injuries are usually quite serious, with more than 16 injury scores (ISS). This condition can cause death or various physical, cognitive, psychological, or psychosocial disabilities. In this study, we aim to describe the mortality rate due to multiple trauma at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2019.

Background

Multiple trauma is a serious condition that requires immediate attention and proper treatment. The mortality rate due to multiple trauma is high, and it is essential to understand the causes and consequences of this condition. In Indonesia, multiple trauma is a significant public health concern, and it is crucial to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Methodology

This study was conducted at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2019. The data collected included the number of patients with multiple trauma, the ISS scores, the time between trauma and death, and the response time for patients who died and those who returned home. The results were analyzed to determine the mortality rate due to multiple trauma and the factors associated with death.

Results

The results of this study showed that the death rate due to multiple trauma in H. Adam Malik Hospital in 2019 reached 24.8%. The average time between trauma and death was 6.4 hours, while the average time to return home was 4.9 hours. Response time for patients who died averaged 15.36 minutes, while the response time for patients who returned home averaged 14.28 minutes. ISS scores in patients who died averaged 64, while ISS scores in patients who returned home averaged 18.

Further analysis showed that deaths from multiple trauma occur in 74.1% of "first hit" cases (first injury), and 25.9% of the "second hit" case (aftershocks). Deaths from trauma can occur due to trauma itself, or systemic effects of trauma that cause inflammation, hypoxia, hypovolemic shock, to sepsis.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that multiple trauma is a serious condition with a fairly high mortality rate. This is important to be understood by medical personnel and the community so that proper prevention and treatment can be carried out. Increasing public awareness about the importance of safety and accident prevention can help reduce the incidence of multiple trauma. In addition, the trauma handling system in hospitals needs to be improved, both in terms of resources, equipment, and trained medical personnel.

This study also highlighted the importance of handling "second hit" in the case of multiple trauma. Attention to systemic complications due to trauma needs to be increased in order to prevent death from the secondary effect of trauma. Thus, it can be expected that the mortality rate due to multiple trauma in Indonesia can be reduced and the quality of life of survivors can be improved.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the mortality rate due to multiple trauma at H. Adam Malik Hospital in 2019. The results of this study indicate that multiple trauma is a serious condition with a fairly high mortality rate. It is essential to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the incidence of multiple trauma and improve the quality of life of survivors.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Increase public awareness: Increasing public awareness about the importance of safety and accident prevention can help reduce the incidence of multiple trauma.
Improve trauma handling system: The trauma handling system in hospitals needs to be improved, both in terms of resources, equipment, and trained medical personnel.
Attention to systemic complications: Attention to systemic complications due to trauma needs to be increased in order to prevent death from the secondary effect of trauma.
Develop effective prevention and treatment strategies: Developing effective prevention and treatment strategies can help reduce the mortality rate due to multiple trauma and improve the quality of life of survivors.

Limitations

This study has several limitations. The data collected was limited to H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2019, and the results may not be generalizable to other hospitals or populations. In addition, the study did not control for other factors that may be associated with multiple trauma, such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for multiple trauma. This can include studies on the effectiveness of safety and accident prevention programs, the development of new treatments for multiple trauma, and the evaluation of the trauma handling system in hospitals.

References

[1] World Health Organization. (2018). Injury prevention and post-injury care.
[2] National Institute of Health. (2019). Trauma care: A review of the literature.
[3] American College of Surgeons. (2018). Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) program.
[4] International Trauma Care. (2019). Trauma care: A global perspective.

Appendix

Q: What is multiple trauma?

A: Multiple trauma, also known as trauma poly, is a condition where an individual experiences two or more physical injuries in various areas of the body. These injuries are usually quite serious, with more than 16 injury scores (ISS).

Q: What are the causes of multiple trauma?

A: Multiple trauma can be caused by various factors, including:

Accidents, such as car crashes or falls
Violence, such as gunshot wounds or stabbings
Sports injuries, such as concussions or broken bones
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes or hurricanes

Q: What are the symptoms of multiple trauma?

A: The symptoms of multiple trauma can vary depending on the severity of the injuries. Some common symptoms include:

Severe pain
Difficulty breathing
Confusion or disorientation
Loss of consciousness
Difficulty moving or walking

Q: How is multiple trauma treated?

A: The treatment of multiple trauma typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:

Emergency medical services (EMS) to stabilize the patient
Surgery to repair damaged tissues and organs
Intensive care unit (ICU) care to monitor and manage the patient's condition
Rehabilitation to help the patient recover and regain function

Q: What is the prognosis for multiple trauma?

A: The prognosis for multiple trauma depends on the severity of the injuries and the effectiveness of treatment. In general, the mortality rate for multiple trauma is high, especially if the patient is not treated promptly and effectively.

Q: How can multiple trauma be prevented?

A: Multiple trauma can be prevented by taking steps to reduce the risk of injury, such as:

Wearing seatbelts and helmets
Following safety guidelines and protocols
Avoiding high-risk activities
Staying alert and aware of one's surroundings

Q: What is the role of hospitals in treating multiple trauma?

A: Hospitals play a critical role in treating multiple trauma by providing emergency medical services, surgery, and ICU care. Hospitals also have specialized trauma centers and teams that are trained to handle complex trauma cases.

Q: What is the importance of public awareness about multiple trauma?

A: Public awareness about multiple trauma is essential to reducing the incidence of this condition. By educating the public about the risks and consequences of multiple trauma, we can encourage people to take steps to prevent it and seek medical attention if they are injured.

Q: What are the challenges in treating multiple trauma?

A: Treating multiple trauma can be challenging due to the complexity of the injuries and the need for specialized care. Some of the challenges include:

Difficulty in diagnosing and treating multiple injuries
Limited resources and equipment in some hospitals
High mortality rate if treatment is delayed or ineffective

Q: What are the future directions for research on multiple trauma?

A: Future research on multiple trauma should focus on developing effective prevention and treatment strategies, improving the trauma handling system in hospitals, and increasing public awareness about the importance of safety and accident prevention.

Q: What are the implications of multiple trauma for society?

A: Multiple trauma has significant implications for society, including:

High economic costs due to medical expenses and lost productivity
Emotional and psychological trauma for patients and their families
Increased risk of long-term disability and death
Need for improved trauma handling systems and public awareness campaigns