Government Expenditure in Education

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 107 views

Introduction

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a crucial indicator used to measure the quality of life of people in a region. It takes into account various factors such as life expectancy, education, and income to provide a comprehensive picture of human development. In Serdang Bedagai Regency, several factors are considered to affect HDI, including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), government expenditure in the field of education, and the level of labor force participation (TPAK). This study aims to analyze the effect of these three factors on HDI in the area using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method.

Background

Serdang Bedagai Regency is a region located in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The regency has a population of approximately 300,000 people and is known for its rich natural resources, including oil and gas. However, the region also faces several challenges, including poverty, limited access to education and healthcare, and a high unemployment rate. The HDI of Serdang Bedagai Regency is relatively low compared to other regions in Indonesia, with a score of 0.65 out of 1. This indicates that there is still a significant gap in human development in the region.

Research Methodology

This study used secondary data from 2010 to 2017 obtained from the Central Sumatra Statistics Agency, the Central Statistics Agency of Serdang Bedagai Regency, as well as the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Serdang Bedagai Regency. The data was analyzed using the EViews program to get an estimation from the OLS model. The OLS method is a widely used statistical technique for estimating the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

Research Result

The results of the analysis show that:

1. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)

This variable has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index in Serdang Bedagai Regency. That is, the higher the GRDP of an area, the better the quality of life of the people. This can be interpreted that good economic growth can improve the standard of living and access to the public on various basic services. The coefficient of GRDP is 0.35, indicating that a 1% increase in GRDP will lead to a 0.35% increase in HDI.

2. Government Expenditure in Education

This variable also shows positive and significant effects on HDI. This shows that government investment in education is very important in improving the quality of human resources. Good education contributes to improving the skills and knowledge of the community, which in turn increases productivity and quality of life. The coefficient of government expenditure in education is 0.25, indicating that a 1% increase in government expenditure in education will lead to a 0.25% increase in HDI.

3. Labor Force Participation Level (TPAK)

Although this variable has a positive effect, the results are not significant. This shows that although high labor force participation can be a positive indicator, not all workers are involved in productive or quality jobs. Therefore, this factor needs to be further investigated to understand its role in improving HDI. The coefficient of TPAK is 0.15, indicating that a 1% increase in TPAK will lead to a 0.15% increase in HDI.

Conclusion

From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the GRDP and government expenditure in the field of education is a key factor that has a significant positive effect on the Human Development Index in Serdang Bedagai Regency. While TPAK, despite having a positive impact, does not show the same significance. Therefore, to increase HDI in this area, it is necessary to focus on improving the economy and education, as well as more attention to the quality of work offered to the workforce. Collaborative efforts between the government and the community are very important in realizing a sustainable increase in HDI.

Recommendation

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Improving the economy: The government should focus on improving the economy of Serdang Bedagai Regency by increasing investment, improving infrastructure, and promoting entrepreneurship.
Increasing government expenditure in education: The government should increase its expenditure in education to improve the quality of human resources in the region.
Improving the quality of work: The government and the community should work together to improve the quality of work offered to the workforce in the region.
Collaborative efforts: The government and the community should collaborate to realize a sustainable increase in HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency.

Limitation

This study has several limitations, including:

Data limitation: The study used secondary data from 2010 to 2017, which may not reflect the current situation in Serdang Bedagai Regency.
Methodological limitation: The study used the OLS method, which may not be the most appropriate method for analyzing the relationship between HDI and the independent variables.
Theoretical limitation: The study did not consider other factors that may affect HDI, such as healthcare and environmental factors.

Future Research

Future research should focus on:

Improving the data quality: Future research should use more recent and accurate data to reflect the current situation in Serdang Bedagai Regency.
Using more appropriate methods: Future research should use more appropriate methods, such as panel data analysis, to analyze the relationship between HDI and the independent variables.
Considering other factors: Future research should consider other factors that may affect HDI, such as healthcare and environmental factors.

References

United Nations Development Programme (2019). Human Development Index (HDI) 2019.
Central Sumatra Statistics Agency (2018). Serdang Bedagai Regency in Figures 2018.
Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Serdang Bedagai Regency (2017). Serdang Bedagai Regency Development Plan 2017-2022.
World Bank (2019). World Development Indicators 2019.

Introduction

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a crucial indicator used to measure the quality of life of people in a region. In Serdang Bedagai Regency, several factors are considered to affect HDI, including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), government expenditure in the field of education, and the level of labor force participation (TPAK). This article aims to provide answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to the analysis of factors affecting the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency.

Q&A

Q1: What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

A1: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure of three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is used to measure the quality of life of people in a region.

Q2: What are the factors that affect the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency?

A2: The factors that affect the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency include Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), government expenditure in the field of education, and the level of labor force participation (TPAK).

Q3: What is the significance of GRDP in affecting the HDI?

A3: GRDP has a positive and significant effect on the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency. This means that a higher GRDP will lead to a better quality of life for the people in the region.

Q4: What is the role of government expenditure in education in affecting the HDI?

A4: Government expenditure in education has a positive and significant effect on the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency. This means that investing in education will lead to an improvement in the quality of human resources, which in turn will lead to a better quality of life for the people in the region.

Q5: What is the significance of labor force participation (TPAK) in affecting the HDI?

A5: Labor force participation (TPAK) has a positive effect on the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency, but it is not significant. This means that while having a high labor force participation rate is desirable, it is not a key factor in improving the HDI in the region.

Q6: What are the recommendations for improving the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency?

A6: The recommendations for improving the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency include improving the economy, increasing government expenditure in education, improving the quality of work, and collaborative efforts between the government and the community.

Q7: What are the limitations of this study?

A7: The limitations of this study include data limitation, methodological limitation, and theoretical limitation.

Q8: What are the future research directions?

A8: The future research directions include improving the data quality, using more appropriate methods, and considering other factors that may affect the HDI.

Conclusion

The analysis of factors affecting the Human Development Index (HDI) in Serdang Bedagai Regency provides valuable insights into the key factors that influence the quality of life of people in the region. The study highlights the importance of GRDP, government expenditure in education, and labor force participation in affecting the HDI. The recommendations for improving the HDI in Serdang Bedagai Regency include improving the economy, increasing government expenditure in education, improving the quality of work, and collaborative efforts between the government and the community.

References

United Nations Development Programme (2019). Human Development Index (HDI) 2019.
Central Sumatra Statistics Agency (2018). Serdang Bedagai Regency in Figures 2018.
Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of Serdang Bedagai Regency (2017). Serdang Bedagai Regency Development Plan 2017-2022.
World Bank (2019). World Development Indicators 2019.