Factors Related to the Events of ARI in Toddlers in the Working Area of Botania Puskesmas Batam City in 2021

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 68 views

Factors Related to the Events of ARI in Toddlers in the Working Area of Botania Puskesmas Batam City in 2021

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are a significant public health concern, particularly among toddlers. According to the National Riskesdas in 2018, the prevalence of ARI in Indonesia reached 4.4 percent based on health worker reports and 9.3 percent based on community symptoms. The prevalence of ARI in toddlers in Indonesia was 7.8 percent, while in the Riau Islands Province, it was 6.23 percent. In 2018, the ARI case in Batam City reached 58,147 people, with an ARI prevalence in toddlers of 8.17 percent. This study aims to determine the factors related to the events of ARI in toddlers in the working area of the Batam City Puskesmas Batam in 2021.

Background and Significance of the Study

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are infectious diseases that last less than two weeks and can occur in the upper and lower respiratory tract. ARI is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children, particularly in developing countries. The prevalence of ARI in toddlers in Indonesia is a concern, and identifying the factors related to ARI events is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on ARI in toddlers and provide insights into the factors that contribute to ARI events in this population.

Methodology

This study is an analytic quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study is all children under five in the working area of the Batam City Puskesmas Batam. The sample in this study was taken by the accidental sampling technique, with 99 children under five out of a total of 11,561 toddlers. Data analysis was carried out by the Chi-Square test.

Results

The results of this study showed that the incident of ARI in toddlers in the working area of the Botania Puskesmas Batam City reached 52.2 percent. Bivariate analysis shows that variables that have a significant relationship with the events of ARI in toddlers are exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.010) and the presence of smokers at home (p = 0,0001).

Further Analysis

The results of this study indicate that exclusive breastfeeding and the presence of smokers at home have a significant relationship with the events of ARI in toddlers. This can be explained as follows:

*** Exclusive Breastfeeding: *** ASI contains a variety of substances that are important to increase the immune system of toddlers, such as immunoglobulin, lactoferin, and lysozyme. These substances can help protect toddlers from infection, including ARI.

*** The Presence of Smokers at Home: *** Cigarette smoke contains a variety of harmful substances that can irritate the respiratory tract and reduce the immune system of toddlers. This can increase the risk of toddlers affected by ARI.

Recommendation

Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that:

Breastfeeding Mothers Give Exclusive Breastfeeding to Babies Aged 0-6 Months to 2 Years. This can help increase the immune system of the baby and reduce the risk of developing ARI.

Reducing Smoking Habits at Home. This is important to protect family health, especially children, from exposure to dangerous cigarette smoke.

The Importance of Public Awareness

This study shows the importance of public awareness about the factors that can increase the risk of ARI events in toddlers. By increasing knowledge and applying healthy living behaviors, it is expected to reduce the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Public awareness campaigns can be an effective way to educate parents and caregivers about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and reducing smoking habits at home.

Conclusion

This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on ARI in toddlers and provides insights into the factors that contribute to ARI events in this population. The results of this study indicate that exclusive breastfeeding and the presence of smokers at home have a significant relationship with the events of ARI in toddlers. The recommendations of this study can be used to develop effective prevention and control strategies for ARI in toddlers.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a specific geographic area. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and conduct the study in multiple geographic areas to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between other factors and ARI events in toddlers. Additionally, studies should aim to develop and evaluate effective prevention and control strategies for ARI in toddlers.

References

National Riskesdas. (2018). Riskesdas 2018: Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) in Indonesia.
Riau Islands Province Health Office. (2018). Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) in Toddlers in Riau Islands Province.
Batam City Health Office. (2018). Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) in Toddlers in Batam City.

Appendix

Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of the Sample
Table 2: Bivariate Analysis Results
Table 3: Chi-Square Test Results
Q&A: Factors Related to the Events of ARI in Toddlers in the Working Area of Botania Puskesmas Batam City in 2021

Q: What is Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI)?

A: Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is an infectious disease that lasts less than two weeks and can occur in the upper and lower respiratory tract. ARI is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children, particularly in developing countries.

Q: What is the prevalence of ARI in toddlers in Indonesia?

A: According to the National Riskesdas in 2018, the prevalence of ARI in Indonesia reached 4.4 percent based on health worker reports and 9.3 percent based on community symptoms. The prevalence of ARI in toddlers in Indonesia was 7.8 percent.

Q: What are the factors related to the events of ARI in toddlers?

A: The results of this study indicate that exclusive breastfeeding and the presence of smokers at home have a significant relationship with the events of ARI in toddlers.

Q: Why is exclusive breastfeeding important in preventing ARI in toddlers?

A: Exclusive breastfeeding provides toddlers with a variety of substances that are important to increase the immune system, such as immunoglobulin, lactoferin, and lysozyme. These substances can help protect toddlers from infection, including ARI.

Q: Why is the presence of smokers at home a risk factor for ARI in toddlers?

A: Cigarette smoke contains a variety of harmful substances that can irritate the respiratory tract and reduce the immune system of toddlers. This can increase the risk of toddlers affected by ARI.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that:

Breastfeeding mothers give exclusive breastfeeding to babies aged 0-6 months to 2 years.
Reducing smoking habits at home.

Q: Why is public awareness important in preventing ARI in toddlers?

A: Public awareness campaigns can be an effective way to educate parents and caregivers about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and reducing smoking habits at home. By increasing knowledge and applying healthy living behaviors, it is expected to reduce the incidence of ARI in toddlers.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a specific geographic area. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and conduct the study in multiple geographic areas to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between other factors and ARI events in toddlers. Additionally, studies should aim to develop and evaluate effective prevention and control strategies for ARI in toddlers.

Q: What are the implications of this study for public health policy?

A: The results of this study have implications for public health policy, particularly in the area of maternal and child health. The study highlights the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and reducing smoking habits at home in preventing ARI in toddlers. Public health policymakers should consider these findings when developing policies and programs aimed at reducing the incidence of ARI in toddlers.

Q: What are the implications of this study for healthcare providers?

A: The results of this study have implications for healthcare providers, particularly in the area of pediatrics. Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and reducing smoking habits at home in preventing ARI in toddlers. They should also be aware of the risk factors associated with ARI in toddlers and provide appropriate counseling and education to parents and caregivers.

Q: What are the implications of this study for parents and caregivers?

A: The results of this study have implications for parents and caregivers, particularly in the area of maternal and child health. Parents and caregivers should be aware of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and reducing smoking habits at home in preventing ARI in toddlers. They should also be aware of the risk factors associated with ARI in toddlers and take steps to reduce their child's risk of developing ARI.