Examine the Effect of Competition on Credit Risk in Other Regions

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 92 views

Analysis of the Effect of Competition on Bank Credit Risk in ASEAN

Introduction

The banking sector in ASEAN countries is a crucial component of the regional economy, providing essential financial services to individuals and businesses. However, the banking sector is not immune to risks, and one of the most significant risks faced by banks is credit risk. Credit risk is measured by the non-performance loan indicator (NPL), which shows the amount of credit given by banks that cannot be paid by debtors. In this context, this study aims to analyze the effect of the level of competition on credit risk faced by banks in ASEAN countries.

Background

Competition in the banking sector is an essential element that can affect various aspects of bank performance, including credit risk. The level of competition in the banking market can influence the behavior of banks, leading to more selective lending practices or increased risk-taking. In a competitive environment, banks may be more likely to conduct a thorough analysis of the debtor's credit profile, reducing the possibility of problem loans. On the other hand, decreased competition in the banking market may lead to increased risk-taking, resulting in higher levels of NPLs.

Methodology

This study uses a quantitative descriptive research design with a dynamic panel data regression model estimated using Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). The research sample consists of 101 banks operating in six ASEAN countries, with the Purposive Sampling method producing 84 banks that met the specified criteria. The data used is secondary data taken from the annual financial publication report of each bank that is the object of research.

Measuring Competition

Competition in the banking sector is measured using the Lerner index, which is the opposite of the level of competition in the market. The higher the Lerner index value, the lower the level of competition, and vice versa. This study also considers six control variables, namely credit growth, return on assets (ROA), bank size, income diversification, return on equity (ROE), and risk-weighted assets (RWA).

Results

The results of this study show that competition as an independent variable has a negative and significant effect on credit risk as a dependent variable. That is, the higher the level of competition in the banking market, the lower the credit risk faced by the bank. This indicates that in a competitive environment, banks tend to be more selective in providing credit, reducing the possibility of problem loans.

Additional Explanation and Analysis

One reason why competition has a negative effect on credit risk is because banks operating in a competitive environment tend to be more careful in channeling credit. In an effort to maintain customer reputation and trust, the bank will conduct a tighter analysis of the debtor's prospective credit profile. Thus, they are more likely to minimize the provision of credit to debtors who are at high risk, which in turn can reduce the level of NPLs.

On the other hand, when competition in the banking market decreases, banks may be more likely to take risks by providing loans to debtors that are inappropriate. This can lead to an increase in NPLs, which has the potential to trigger liquidity and solvency problems for banks.

Control Factors

Control factors such as ROA, bank size, and income diversification also play an important role in bank decision making related to credit. For example, banks that have a larger size and good income diversification may be more able to bear the higher credit risk, compared to smaller banks or that are too dependent on one source of income.

Conclusion

The results of this study show the importance of supervision of the level of competition in the banking industry. Regulators and policy makers in ASEAN countries need to consider competition factors in formulating policies aimed at minimizing credit risk and maintaining financial system stability. Through a deep understanding of the effect of competition on credit risk, banks in ASEAN can develop more effective strategies for risk management, as well as contribute to more sustainable economic growth in the region.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Regulatory Framework: Regulators and policy makers in ASEAN countries should consider competition factors in formulating policies aimed at minimizing credit risk and maintaining financial system stability.
Risk Management: Banks in ASEAN should develop more effective strategies for risk management, taking into account the level of competition in the banking market.
Credit Analysis: Banks should conduct a thorough analysis of the debtor's credit profile, reducing the possibility of problem loans.
Diversification: Banks should diversify their income sources to reduce their dependence on a single source of income.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

Sample Size: The sample size of 101 banks operating in six ASEAN countries may not be representative of the entire banking sector in the region.
Data Quality: The quality of the data used in this study may be affected by the accuracy and completeness of the annual financial publication reports of each bank.
Model Specification: The dynamic panel data regression model used in this study may not capture all the complexities of the relationship between competition and credit risk.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to:

Examine the Effect of Competition on Credit Risk in Other Regions: This study focused on ASEAN countries, but the effect of competition on credit risk may vary in other regions.
Investigate the Impact of Other Factors on Credit Risk: This study considered six control variables, but other factors such as macroeconomic conditions, interest rates, and regulatory requirements may also affect credit risk.
Develop More Advanced Models: The dynamic panel data regression model used in this study may not capture all the complexities of the relationship between competition and credit risk. More advanced models, such as machine learning algorithms, may be used to better understand this relationship.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the Effect of Competition on Bank Credit Risk in ASEAN

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the level of competition on credit risk faced by banks in ASEAN countries.

Q: How is competition measured in this study?

A: Competition in the banking sector is measured using the Lerner index, which is the opposite of the level of competition in the market. The higher the Lerner index value, the lower the level of competition, and vice versa.

Q: What are the control variables considered in this study?

A: The control variables considered in this study are credit growth, return on assets (ROA), bank size, income diversification, return on equity (ROE), and risk-weighted assets (RWA).

Q: What are the findings of this study?

A: The results of this study show that competition as an independent variable has a negative and significant effect on credit risk as a dependent variable. That is, the higher the level of competition in the banking market, the lower the credit risk faced by the bank.

Q: Why does competition have a negative effect on credit risk?

A: One reason why competition has a negative effect on credit risk is because banks operating in a competitive environment tend to be more careful in channeling credit. In an effort to maintain customer reputation and trust, the bank will conduct a tighter analysis of the debtor's prospective credit profile.

Q: What are the implications of this study for regulators and policy makers in ASEAN countries?

A: The results of this study show the importance of supervision of the level of competition in the banking industry. Regulators and policy makers in ASEAN countries need to consider competition factors in formulating policies aimed at minimizing credit risk and maintaining financial system stability.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study for banks in ASEAN?

A: Based on the findings of this study, banks in ASEAN should develop more effective strategies for risk management, taking into account the level of competition in the banking market. They should also conduct a thorough analysis of the debtor's credit profile, reducing the possibility of problem loans.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the sample size, data quality, and model specification.

Q: What are the future research directions suggested by this study?

A: Future research should aim to examine the effect of competition on credit risk in other regions, investigate the impact of other factors on credit risk, and develop more advanced models to better understand the relationship between competition and credit risk.

Q: What are the practical implications of this study for the banking industry in ASEAN?

A: The findings of this study have practical implications for the banking industry in ASEAN, as they highlight the importance of competition in reducing credit risk. Banks in ASEAN should take into account the level of competition in the banking market when making lending decisions, and regulators and policy makers should consider competition factors in formulating policies aimed at minimizing credit risk and maintaining financial system stability.

Q: What are the policy implications of this study for regulators and policy makers in ASEAN countries?

A: The policy implications of this study for regulators and policy makers in ASEAN countries are to consider competition factors in formulating policies aimed at minimizing credit risk and maintaining financial system stability. They should also monitor the level of competition in the banking market and take appropriate measures to ensure that banks operate in a competitive and stable environment.