Employment Legal Regulation in Indonesia

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 59 views

The Legal Aspect of Agreement in Determining Migrant Workers Abroad

Ensuring the Welfare and Security of Indonesian Workers (TKI) Abroad

The welfare and security of Indonesian workers (TKI) abroad are of utmost importance, and a written work agreement plays a crucial role in ensuring their protection. This agreement aims to provide the necessary protection to workers, enabling them to work well and receive their agreed rights. However, the reality on the ground shows that work agreements often fail to provide adequate protection for migrant workers. Complaints from the families of TKI or the community to BNP2TKI (National Agency for Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers) indicate that the salaries received by TKI are often not in accordance with the standards, with some even not receiving salaries at all. In this article, we will discuss the regulation of employment law in Indonesia, systems and forms of TKI delivery agreements abroad, as well as a form of legal protection and dispute resolution in the agreement.

Employment Legal Regulation in Indonesia

The regulation of employment law in Indonesia is governed by various laws and regulations, including Law No. 39 of 2004 concerning Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Abroad. In this law, the protection of migrant workers includes all efforts to ensure the fulfillment of their rights before, during, and after working abroad. Although there has been a clear legal basis, implementation in the field still needs to be improved. Many migrant workers feel that they do not receive adequate protection, resulting in economic and social losses.

The Importance of Employment Law in Indonesia

Employment law in Indonesia is crucial in ensuring the welfare and security of migrant workers. The law provides a framework for the protection of workers' rights, including their rights to fair wages, safe working conditions, and social security. However, the implementation of this law is often hindered by various challenges, including corruption, lack of enforcement, and inadequate awareness among workers.

Challenges in Implementing Employment Law in Indonesia

Despite the existence of employment law in Indonesia, its implementation is often hindered by various challenges. These challenges include corruption, lack of enforcement, and inadequate awareness among workers. Corruption is a major obstacle in the implementation of employment law, as it often leads to the exploitation of workers. Lack of enforcement is another challenge, as it often results in the failure to protect workers' rights. Inadequate awareness among workers is also a challenge, as it often leads to workers being unaware of their rights and obligations.

System and Form of TKI Delivery Agreement

Agreements in sending migrant workers abroad can be classified into international agreements and bilateral agreements that are international civil law. The importance of this agreement is to ensure that all parties, both sender and recipient of migrant workers, understand their rights and obligations. However, reality shows that there is often a gap between written in the agreement and the reality experienced by TKI. This creates a condition where TKI can be trapped in adverse situations.

Types of TKI Delivery Agreements

There are two types of TKI delivery agreements: international agreements and bilateral agreements. International agreements are agreements between two or more countries, while bilateral agreements are agreements between two countries. Both types of agreements are governed by international civil law.

The Importance of TKI Delivery Agreements

TKI delivery agreements are crucial in ensuring the welfare and security of migrant workers. These agreements provide a framework for the protection of workers' rights, including their rights to fair wages, safe working conditions, and social security. However, the implementation of these agreements is often hindered by various challenges, including corruption, lack of enforcement, and inadequate awareness among workers.

Legal Protection and Dispute Resolution

Legal protection for TKI abroad is divided into two categories: preventive and repressive protection. Preventive protection aims to prevent problems, such as exploitation or fraud. On the other hand, repressive protection is an action taken after the problem occurs. The obligation for representatives of the Republic of Indonesia abroad, both consular and diplomatic, is to protect Indonesian citizens. In this case, the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia (KBRI) and the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia (Konjen-RI) play an active role in protecting migrant workers who face difficulties.

Preventive Protection

Preventive protection is a crucial aspect of legal protection for TKI abroad. This type of protection aims to prevent problems, such as exploitation or fraud, from occurring. Preventive protection can be achieved through various means, including education and awareness-raising programs, training for workers, and monitoring of working conditions.

Repressive Protection

Repressive protection is an action taken after a problem occurs. This type of protection aims to provide assistance and support to migrant workers who have been exploited or victimized. Repressive protection can be achieved through various means, including providing legal assistance, providing financial assistance, and providing social support.

Conclusion

From the analysis above, it appears that although there is a legal framework that regulates the protection of migrant workers, its implementation still encounters various challenges. It is very important for the government and related parties to strengthen the implementation of work agreements and legal protection for migrant workers, so that they can work safely and obtain proper rights. The active involvement of all parties in monitoring and law enforcement is also very necessary to create a safer and better work environment for Indonesian workers abroad.

Recommendations

To improve the implementation of employment law in Indonesia, the following recommendations are made:

Strengthen the enforcement of employment law: The government and related parties should strengthen the enforcement of employment law to ensure that workers' rights are protected.
Increase awareness among workers: The government and related parties should increase awareness among workers about their rights and obligations under employment law.
Provide training and education: The government and related parties should provide training and education to workers on employment law and their rights and obligations.
Monitor working conditions: The government and related parties should monitor working conditions to ensure that they are safe and healthy.
Provide legal assistance: The government and related parties should provide legal assistance to migrant workers who have been exploited or victimized.

By implementing these recommendations, the government and related parties can improve the implementation of employment law in Indonesia and ensure that migrant workers are protected and their rights are respected.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Legal Aspect of Agreement in Determining Migrant Workers Abroad

Q: What is the purpose of a written work agreement for migrant workers?

A: The purpose of a written work agreement for migrant workers is to provide the necessary protection to workers, enabling them to work well and receive their agreed rights.

Q: What are the challenges in implementing employment law in Indonesia?

A: The challenges in implementing employment law in Indonesia include corruption, lack of enforcement, and inadequate awareness among workers.

Q: What are the types of TKI delivery agreements?

A: There are two types of TKI delivery agreements: international agreements and bilateral agreements. International agreements are agreements between two or more countries, while bilateral agreements are agreements between two countries.

Q: What is the importance of TKI delivery agreements?

A: TKI delivery agreements are crucial in ensuring the welfare and security of migrant workers. These agreements provide a framework for the protection of workers' rights, including their rights to fair wages, safe working conditions, and social security.

Q: What are the two categories of legal protection for TKI abroad?

A: The two categories of legal protection for TKI abroad are preventive and repressive protection. Preventive protection aims to prevent problems, such as exploitation or fraud, from occurring, while repressive protection is an action taken after a problem occurs.

Q: What is the role of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia (KBRI) and the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia (Konjen-RI) in protecting migrant workers?

A: The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia (KBRI) and the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia (Konjen-RI) play an active role in protecting migrant workers who face difficulties.

Q: What are the recommendations to improve the implementation of employment law in Indonesia?

A: The recommendations to improve the implementation of employment law in Indonesia include strengthening the enforcement of employment law, increasing awareness among workers, providing training and education, monitoring working conditions, and providing legal assistance.

Q: Why is it important to strengthen the implementation of work agreements and legal protection for migrant workers?

A: It is very important to strengthen the implementation of work agreements and legal protection for migrant workers so that they can work safely and obtain proper rights.

Q: What is the role of the government and related parties in improving the implementation of employment law in Indonesia?

A: The government and related parties should play an active role in improving the implementation of employment law in Indonesia by strengthening the enforcement of employment law, increasing awareness among workers, providing training and education, monitoring working conditions, and providing legal assistance.

Q: How can migrant workers protect themselves from exploitation and victimization?

A: Migrant workers can protect themselves from exploitation and victimization by being aware of their rights and obligations under employment law, seeking legal assistance when needed, and reporting any incidents of exploitation or victimization to the relevant authorities.

Q: What are the consequences of not implementing employment law in Indonesia?

A: The consequences of not implementing employment law in Indonesia include the exploitation and victimization of migrant workers, economic losses, and social losses.

Q: How can the community support migrant workers?

A: The community can support migrant workers by being aware of their rights and obligations under employment law, providing assistance and support when needed, and reporting any incidents of exploitation or victimization to the relevant authorities.

Q: What is the role of BNP2TKI in protecting migrant workers?

A: BNP2TKI plays an active role in protecting migrant workers by providing assistance and support, monitoring working conditions, and reporting any incidents of exploitation or victimization to the relevant authorities.