Development of more effective therapy

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 12 views

Immunophenotyping Pattern in Acute Leukemia Patients Children in Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan: Increase Diagnostic Accuracy

Introduction

Acute leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells. This disease is a significant health concern, particularly in children, as it requires prompt and effective treatment to improve the chances of recovery. Immunophenotyping is a crucial diagnostic tool used to identify the type of acute leukemia, which in turn helps in determining the appropriate treatment strategy. This study aims to investigate the immunophenotyping pattern in pediatric patients with acute leukemia at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital in Medan.

Background

Acute leukemia is a complex and heterogeneous disease, comprising various subtypes, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The accurate diagnosis of the subtype is essential for determining the optimal treatment approach, as different subtypes require distinct therapeutic strategies. Immunophenotyping is a laboratory technique that uses flow cytometry to analyze the expression of specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, providing valuable information on the cell of origin and the lineage of the leukemia.

Methodology

This study was conducted at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital in Medan, involving a cohort of 20 pediatric patients with acute leukemia. The study employed a cohort design, which involved a complete blood count (CBC) examination, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow morphology, and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. The sample was analyzed on the 0th and 42nd days of remission induction therapy to assess changes in blast morphology.

Results

The results of this study demonstrated that the immunophenotyping method using three-color flow cytometry exhibited high accuracy, with a good level of concordance (κ = 0.886) with morphological results. Based on the immunophenotyping results, 45% of patients were classified as B-ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia type B), 35% as AML (acute myeloid leukemia), and 20% as T-ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia type T).

Discussion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of immunophenotyping in increasing the accuracy of acute leukemia diagnosis in children. The results of immunophenotyping can help doctors determine specific types of leukemia, enabling them to develop targeted treatment strategies and personalize therapy to improve the chances of successful treatment and enhance the prognosis of the disease.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the utility of immunophenotyping in improving the diagnostic accuracy of acute leukemia in children. The results of this study also provide opportunities for further research on the association between immunophenotyping patterns and disease prognosis. A deeper understanding of immunophenotyping patterns can facilitate the development of more effective therapy and personalized treatment for children with acute leukemia in the future.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Immunophenotyping should be used as a standard diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of acute leukemia in children.
Further research should be conducted to investigate the association between immunophenotyping patterns and disease prognosis.
Development of more effective therapy and personalized treatment strategies should be explored based on the results of immunophenotyping.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The study involved a small cohort of 20 pediatric patients with acute leukemia.
Limited follow-up: The study only analyzed the sample on the 0th and 42nd days of remission induction therapy.
Limited data on disease prognosis: The study did not provide detailed information on the disease prognosis of the patients.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the utility of immunophenotyping in improving the diagnostic accuracy of acute leukemia in children. Future studies should aim to:

Investigate the association between immunophenotyping patterns and disease prognosis.
Develop more effective therapy and personalized treatment strategies based on the results of immunophenotyping.
Explore the use of immunophenotyping in other types of cancer.

References

National Cancer Institute. (2022). Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version.
American Cancer Society. (2022). Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version.
World Health Organization. (2022). Acute Leukemias.
Flow Cytometry. (2022). Immunophenotyping in Acute Leukemia.

Appendices

Table 1: Immunophenotyping results of the 20 pediatric patients with acute leukemia.
Table 2: Concordance between morphological and immunophenotyping results.
Figure 1: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping results of a patient with B-ALL.
Figure 2: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping results of a patient with AML.
Immunophenotyping Pattern in Acute Leukemia Patients Children in Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan: Increase Diagnostic Accuracy

Q&A

Q: What is immunophenotyping, and how is it used in the diagnosis of acute leukemia?

A: Immunophenotyping is a laboratory technique that uses flow cytometry to analyze the expression of specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, providing valuable information on the cell of origin and the lineage of the leukemia. It is used to identify the type of acute leukemia, which in turn helps in determining the appropriate treatment strategy.

Q: What are the benefits of using immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of acute leukemia?

A: The benefits of using immunophenotyping include:

Improved diagnostic accuracy: Immunophenotyping can help identify the specific subtype of acute leukemia, which is essential for determining the optimal treatment approach.
Personalized treatment: Immunophenotyping can help doctors develop targeted treatment strategies and personalize therapy to improve the chances of successful treatment and enhance the prognosis of the disease.
Better understanding of disease prognosis: Immunophenotyping can provide valuable information on the association between immunophenotyping patterns and disease prognosis.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The study involved a small cohort of 20 pediatric patients with acute leukemia.
Limited follow-up: The study only analyzed the sample on the 0th and 42nd days of remission induction therapy.
Limited data on disease prognosis: The study did not provide detailed information on the disease prognosis of the patients.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: Future studies should aim to:

Investigate the association between immunophenotyping patterns and disease prognosis.
Develop more effective therapy and personalized treatment strategies based on the results of immunophenotyping.
Explore the use of immunophenotyping in other types of cancer.

Q: What are the implications of this study for clinical practice?

A: The findings of this study highlight the importance of immunophenotyping in improving the diagnostic accuracy of acute leukemia in children. The results of immunophenotyping can help doctors determine specific types of leukemia, enabling them to develop targeted treatment strategies and personalize therapy to improve the chances of successful treatment and enhance the prognosis of the disease.

Q: What are the potential applications of immunophenotyping in other areas of medicine?

A: Immunophenotyping has the potential to be used in other areas of medicine, including:

Cancer diagnosis and treatment: Immunophenotyping can be used to identify specific subtypes of cancer and develop targeted treatment strategies.
Infectious disease diagnosis: Immunophenotyping can be used to identify specific pathogens and develop targeted treatment strategies.
Autoimmune disease diagnosis: Immunophenotyping can be used to identify specific autoimmune diseases and develop targeted treatment strategies.

Conclusion

Immunophenotyping is a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of acute leukemia in children. The results of this study highlight the importance of immunophenotyping in improving the diagnostic accuracy of acute leukemia in children. Future studies should aim to investigate the association between immunophenotyping patterns and disease prognosis, develop more effective therapy and personalized treatment strategies, and explore the use of immunophenotyping in other types of cancer.