Cellulose Isolation and Eterification Process

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 56 views

Cellulose Ether Synthesis from Ambon Banana Skin for Adsorption of Cadmium Metal Ions (CD²⁺)

Introduction

The increasing problem of heavy metal pollution in various environments has led to the need for innovative solutions to mitigate this issue. One of the promising approaches is the use of cellulose-based materials as adsorbents for heavy metal ions. In this study, we explored the synthesis of cellulose ether from Ambon banana skin (Musa Paradisiaca L.) and its potential as an adsorbent for cadmium metal ions (CD²⁺). The use of banana rind as a cellulose source is not only sustainable but also abundant, making it an attractive option for environmental applications.

Cellulose Isolation and Eterification Process

Cellulose can be isolated from Ambon banana skin through a series of steps, including washing, drying, and grinding. The isolated cellulose was then subjected to an eternification process using trichloroasetic acid. This process resulted in the production of 1.9 grams of cellulose ether. The eternification process involves the reaction of cellulose with trichloroasetic acid, which leads to the formation of ether groups (-C-O-C-) on the surface of the cellulose.

Characterization of Cellulose Ether

The characterization of cellulose ether was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of O-H fragmentation patterns in the wave number 3410.15 cm⁻¹, indicating an increase in the O-H group resulting from alkalization and carboxymethylation reactions. The analysis also showed the vibration of the ether group (C-O-C) in the wave number 1033.85-1095.57 cm⁻¹.

The SEM-EDX analysis revealed that the surface of the cellulose ether has larger pores and is homogeneous distributed. The existence of these pores provides benefits in the adsorption process because it increases surface areas that can interact with metal ions.

Adsorption Power Test

The adsorption power test was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (SSA) to determine the ability of cellulose and cellulose ether to adsorb CD²⁺ ions. The results showed that the optimum absorption for cellulose occurs at a concentration of 125 ppm with an absorption of 24.1583%. However, cellulose ether shows a much better performance with an absorption of 99.5562% at the same concentration. In fact, at a concentration of 100 ppm, the maximum absorption of cellulose ether reaches 99.7289%.

Discussion

The increased cellulose ether absorption compared to pure cellulose shows the effectiveness of modifications carried out through the eternalification process. In this context, cellulose ether has a higher potential in trapping heavy metal ions, which is important in the environmental context given the toxicity of the cadmium ion. This effect can be associated with an increase in the number of O-H groups and the formation of larger pores on the surface of cellulose ether, which provides more capacity to capture metal ions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the synthesis of cellulose ether from Ambon banana skin shows great potential as an adsorbent of cadmium metal ions. This not only prioritizes innovation in the use of existing resources, but also offers solutions to the problem of heavy metal pollution that is increasing in various environments. The use of banana rind as a cellulose source is not only sustainable but also abundant, making it an attractive option for environmental applications.

Future Research Directions

Further research can be done to explore the use of cellulose ether in other contexts, such as treatment, energy storage, or as raw material for industry. Additionally, the optimization of the eternification process and the characterization of cellulose ether can be further investigated to improve its performance as an adsorbent.

References

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Abstract

This study explores the synthesis of cellulose ether from Ambon banana skin (Musa Paradisiaca L.) and its potential as an adsorbent for cadmium metal ions (CD²⁺). The use of banana rind as a cellulose source is not only sustainable but also abundant, making it an attractive option for environmental applications. The results show that cellulose ether has a higher potential in trapping heavy metal ions compared to pure cellulose. This study contributes to the development of innovative solutions to mitigate the problem of heavy metal pollution in various environments.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Cellulose Ether Synthesis from Ambon Banana Skin for Adsorption of Cadmium Metal Ions (CD²⁺)

Q: What is cellulose ether and how is it synthesized?

A: Cellulose ether is a type of cellulose-based material that is synthesized through an eternification process using trichloroasetic acid. This process involves the reaction of cellulose with trichloroasetic acid, which leads to the formation of ether groups (-C-O-C-) on the surface of the cellulose.

Q: What is the significance of using Ambon banana skin as a cellulose source?

A: The use of Ambon banana skin as a cellulose source is significant because it is a sustainable and abundant resource. Banana rind is a common agricultural waste that can be easily obtained and processed into cellulose, making it an attractive option for environmental applications.

Q: What are the benefits of using cellulose ether as an adsorbent for cadmium metal ions (CD²⁺)?

A: The benefits of using cellulose ether as an adsorbent for CD²⁺ include its high potential in trapping heavy metal ions, increased surface areas for interaction with metal ions, and improved performance compared to pure cellulose.

Q: How does the eternification process affect the properties of cellulose ether?

A: The eternification process affects the properties of cellulose ether by increasing the number of O-H groups and forming larger pores on the surface of the cellulose. This provides more capacity for cellulose ether to capture metal ions.

Q: What are the potential applications of cellulose ether in environmental contexts?

A: The potential applications of cellulose ether in environmental contexts include its use as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions, treatment of contaminated water and soil, and energy storage.

Q: Can cellulose ether be used in other contexts beyond environmental applications?

A: Yes, cellulose ether can be used in other contexts beyond environmental applications, such as treatment, energy storage, or as raw material for industry.

Q: What are the future research directions for cellulose ether synthesis and applications?

A: Future research directions for cellulose ether synthesis and applications include the optimization of the eternification process, characterization of cellulose ether, and exploration of its potential uses in various industries.

Q: How can cellulose ether be scaled up for industrial applications?

A: Cellulose ether can be scaled up for industrial applications through the development of large-scale eternification processes, optimization of reaction conditions, and improvement of product yield and purity.

Q: What are the potential challenges and limitations of using cellulose ether as an adsorbent for CD²⁺?

A: The potential challenges and limitations of using cellulose ether as an adsorbent for CD²⁺ include its potential toxicity, limited availability of raw materials, and the need for further research and development to improve its performance and scalability.

Q: How can cellulose ether be made more sustainable and environmentally friendly?

A: Cellulose ether can be made more sustainable and environmentally friendly through the use of renewable energy sources, reduction of waste and by-products, and development of biodegradable and non-toxic materials.