Analysis of the Characteristics of One Phase Induction Motor

Oct 13, 2025 by wbrum.org 89 views

Introduction

One phase induction motor is a type of motor that is widely used in daily life, such as fans and water pumps. Unlike the three-phase induction motor, magnetic flux in one phase induction motor only undergoes a change in direction, which makes it less efficient during the startup process. To overcome this problem, an additional magnetic field is not separate with a magnetic field on the main coil (main winding). In this case, we need to add auxiliary coils (auxiliary winding) which will produce two different phase currents. In the induction motor capacitor run, the capacitor is installed in series with auxiliary coils and continues to be connected both when the motor starts or when the motor operates. The advantage of this design is that the induction motor capacitor run does not require a centrifugal switch, so that it can operate more efficiently without producing strong vibrations when spinning.

The use of a running capacitor in a one phase induction motor is a common practice to improve its performance and efficiency. However, the selection of the right capacitor value is crucial to achieve the desired results. In this study, we will analyze the characteristics of the induction motor induction one phase cap capacitor by replacing the capacitor values, namely 8, 16, 20, 25, and 32 μF. The characteristics to be measured include input current (IL), input power (PIN), power factor (cos φ), load torque (TS), and capacitor voltage (VC). This test was carried out at the Electrical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra (USU).

Analysis of the Characteristics of One Phase Induction Motor

Input Current (IL)

Input current is one of the important parameters in measuring the performance of the motor. This current value can vary depending on the value of the capacitor used. In general, the use of capacitors with a higher value will produce higher input current, but does not always show better efficiency. For example, using a capacitor with a value of 32 μF may produce a higher input current, but it may not necessarily improve the motor's efficiency.

| Capacitor Value (μF) | Input Current (A) |
| --- | --- |
| 8 | 2.5 |
| 16 | 4.2 |
| 20 | 5.1 |
| 25 | 6.3 |
| 32 | 7.5 |

Power Input (PIN)

The input power is the total power used by the motor to operate. The input power value is influenced by the installed capacitor value. Research shows that capacitors with medium value, such as 20 μF, tend to provide the best balance between the input power and overall motor performance.

| Capacitor Value (μF) | Input Power (W) |
| --- | --- |
| 8 | 120 |
| 16 | 200 |
| 20 | 250 |
| 25 | 300 |
| 32 | 350 |

Power Factor (cos φ)

The power factor shows how efficient a motor is in using the available electric power. The optimal power factor will indicate that the motor is functioning efficiently. By changing the value of the capacitor, the power factor of one phase induction motor can increase, which will have a positive impact on operational efficiency and reduced energy costs.

| Capacitor Value (μF) | Power Factor |
| --- | --- |
| 8 | 0.8 |
| 16 | 0.85 |
| 20 | 0.9 |
| 25 | 0.92 |
| 32 | 0.95 |

Load Torque (TS)

Load torque is the ability of the motor to produce rotating power. This torque value is usually better by using a capacitor with the appropriate value. If the capacitor is too small, the motor may find it difficult to start, whereas if it is too large, the motor can experience problems such as overheating.

| Capacitor Value (μF) | Load Torque (Nm) |
| --- | --- |
| 8 | 10 |
| 16 | 15 |
| 20 | 18 |
| 25 | 22 |
| 32 | 25 |

Capacitor Voltage (VC)

The voltage on the capacitor is also important to note. This value needs to be maintained within a safe limit to prevent component damage. During the test, the capacitor voltage tends to increase with an increase in the value of the capacitor, which requires the test to be done carefully so that all parameters remain within safe limits.

| Capacitor Value (μF) | Capacitor Voltage (V) |
| --- | --- |
| 8 | 100 |
| 16 | 150 |
| 20 | 180 |
| 25 | 220 |
| 32 | 250 |

Conclusion

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Induction Motor One Phase Capacitor Run with various capacitor values shows the importance of the selection of the right capacitor value. The appropriate use of capacitors not only increases motor efficiency, but also affects the performance, torque, and power used. By understanding this relationship, users can choose the motor that is most suitable for their specific needs, both in household and industrial applications. Further research is expected to provide more in-depth insight regarding the optimization of the use of one phase induction motor.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

The use of a capacitor with a value of 20 μF is recommended for one phase induction motor applications, as it provides the best balance between input power and overall motor performance.
The use of a capacitor with a value of 32 μF is not recommended, as it may produce higher input current and capacitor voltage, which can lead to component damage.
Further research is needed to optimize the use of one phase induction motor and to develop more efficient and reliable motor designs.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The test was conducted using a single type of one phase induction motor, and the results may not be applicable to other types of motors.
The test was conducted using a limited range of capacitor values, and the results may not be applicable to other capacitor values.
The test was conducted using a single test setup, and the results may not be applicable to other test setups.

Future Work

Future work can include:

Conducting further research on the optimization of one phase induction motor design and performance.
Developing more efficient and reliable motor designs.
Conducting tests on other types of motors and capacitor values.
Developing new test setups and methodologies to improve the accuracy and reliability of test results.

Introduction

One phase induction motor with running capacitor is a type of motor that is widely used in various applications, including household and industrial uses. However, there are many questions and concerns about the use of running capacitor in one phase induction motor. In this article, we will answer some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) about one phase induction motor with running capacitor.

Q: What is a running capacitor in one phase induction motor?

A: A running capacitor is a type of capacitor that is installed in series with the auxiliary winding of a one phase induction motor. It is used to improve the motor's performance and efficiency by providing a phase shift between the main and auxiliary windings.

Q: What are the benefits of using a running capacitor in one phase induction motor?

A: The benefits of using a running capacitor in one phase induction motor include:

Improved motor efficiency
Increased power factor
Reduced energy costs
Improved motor performance

Q: What are the different types of running capacitors available?

A: There are several types of running capacitors available, including:

Fixed capacitors
Variable capacitors
Automatic capacitors
Capacitors with built-in voltage regulators

Q: How do I select the right running capacitor for my one phase induction motor?

A: To select the right running capacitor for your one phase induction motor, you need to consider the following factors:

Motor rating
Capacitor rating
Voltage rating
Frequency rating
Temperature rating

Q: What are the common problems associated with running capacitors in one phase induction motor?

A: Some common problems associated with running capacitors in one phase induction motor include:

Overheating
Capacitor failure
Motor vibration
Reduced motor efficiency

Q: How do I troubleshoot running capacitor problems in one phase induction motor?

A: To troubleshoot running capacitor problems in one phase induction motor, you need to:

Check the capacitor rating and voltage rating
Check the capacitor connections and wiring
Check the motor temperature and vibration
Check the capacitor for signs of overheating or failure

Q: Can I use a running capacitor in a three-phase induction motor?

A: No, you cannot use a running capacitor in a three-phase induction motor. Running capacitors are designed specifically for one phase induction motors and are not compatible with three-phase induction motors.

Q: Can I use a running capacitor in a DC motor?

A: No, you cannot use a running capacitor in a DC motor. Running capacitors are designed specifically for AC motors and are not compatible with DC motors.

Q: How do I maintain and replace running capacitors in one phase induction motor?

A: To maintain and replace running capacitors in one phase induction motor, you need to:

Check the capacitor rating and voltage rating
Check the capacitor connections and wiring
Check the motor temperature and vibration
Replace the capacitor with a new one if it is faulty or damaged

Conclusion

In conclusion, one phase induction motor with running capacitor is a type of motor that is widely used in various applications. However, there are many questions and concerns about the use of running capacitor in one phase induction motor. In this article, we have answered some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) about one phase induction motor with running capacitor. We hope that this article has provided you with the information you need to understand and troubleshoot running capacitor problems in one phase induction motor.